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2cos(x)^2-cos(x)-1=0 la ecuación

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Solución numérica:

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Solución

Ha introducido [src]
     2                    
2*cos (x) - cos(x) - 1 = 0
$$\left(2 \cos^{2}{\left(x \right)} - \cos{\left(x \right)}\right) - 1 = 0$$
Solución detallada
Tenemos la ecuación
$$\left(2 \cos^{2}{\left(x \right)} - \cos{\left(x \right)}\right) - 1 = 0$$
cambiamos
$$- \cos{\left(x \right)} + \cos{\left(2 x \right)} = 0$$
$$\left(2 \cos^{2}{\left(x \right)} - \cos{\left(x \right)}\right) - 1 = 0$$
Sustituimos
$$w = \cos{\left(x \right)}$$
Es la ecuación de la forma
a*w^2 + b*w + c = 0

La ecuación cuadrática puede ser resuelta
con la ayuda del discriminante.
Las raíces de la ecuación cuadrática:
$$w_{1} = \frac{\sqrt{D} - b}{2 a}$$
$$w_{2} = \frac{- \sqrt{D} - b}{2 a}$$
donde D = b^2 - 4*a*c es el discriminante.
Como
$$a = 2$$
$$b = -1$$
$$c = -1$$
, entonces
D = b^2 - 4 * a * c = 

(-1)^2 - 4 * (2) * (-1) = 9

Como D > 0 la ecuación tiene dos raíces.
w1 = (-b + sqrt(D)) / (2*a)

w2 = (-b - sqrt(D)) / (2*a)

o
$$w_{1} = 1$$
$$w_{2} = - \frac{1}{2}$$
hacemos cambio inverso
$$\cos{\left(x \right)} = w$$
Tenemos la ecuación
$$\cos{\left(x \right)} = w$$
es la ecuación trigonométrica más simple
Esta ecuación se reorganiza en
$$x = \pi n + \operatorname{acos}{\left(w \right)}$$
$$x = \pi n + \operatorname{acos}{\left(w \right)} - \pi$$
O
$$x = \pi n + \operatorname{acos}{\left(w \right)}$$
$$x = \pi n + \operatorname{acos}{\left(w \right)} - \pi$$
, donde n es cualquier número entero
sustituimos w:
$$x_{1} = \pi n + \operatorname{acos}{\left(w_{1} \right)}$$
$$x_{1} = \pi n + \operatorname{acos}{\left(1 \right)}$$
$$x_{1} = \pi n$$
$$x_{2} = \pi n + \operatorname{acos}{\left(w_{2} \right)}$$
$$x_{2} = \pi n + \operatorname{acos}{\left(- \frac{1}{2} \right)}$$
$$x_{2} = \pi n + \frac{2 \pi}{3}$$
$$x_{3} = \pi n + \operatorname{acos}{\left(w_{1} \right)} - \pi$$
$$x_{3} = \pi n - \pi + \operatorname{acos}{\left(1 \right)}$$
$$x_{3} = \pi n - \pi$$
$$x_{4} = \pi n + \operatorname{acos}{\left(w_{2} \right)} - \pi$$
$$x_{4} = \pi n - \pi + \operatorname{acos}{\left(- \frac{1}{2} \right)}$$
$$x_{4} = \pi n - \frac{\pi}{3}$$
Gráfica
Suma y producto de raíces [src]
suma
2*pi   4*pi       
---- + ---- + 2*pi
 3      3         
$$\left(\frac{2 \pi}{3} + \frac{4 \pi}{3}\right) + 2 \pi$$
=
4*pi
$$4 \pi$$
producto
  2*pi 4*pi     
0*----*----*2*pi
   3    3       
$$2 \pi \frac{4 \pi}{3} \cdot 0 \frac{2 \pi}{3}$$
=
0
$$0$$
0
Respuesta rápida [src]
x1 = 0
$$x_{1} = 0$$
     2*pi
x2 = ----
      3  
$$x_{2} = \frac{2 \pi}{3}$$
     4*pi
x3 = ----
      3  
$$x_{3} = \frac{4 \pi}{3}$$
x4 = 2*pi
$$x_{4} = 2 \pi$$
x4 = 2*pi
Respuesta numérica [src]
x1 = 25.13274122338
x2 = -4.18879020478639
x3 = -73.3038285837618
x4 = -8.37758040957278
x5 = -10.471975511966
x6 = -62.8318537995483
x7 = -96.342174710087
x8 = 33.5103216382911
x9 = 39.7935069454707
x10 = -25.1327414474833
x11 = 8.37758040957278
x12 = 31.4159267619367
x13 = 35.6047167406843
x14 = 6.28318528426584
x15 = -46.0766922526503
x16 = 41.8879020478639
x17 = 48.1710873550435
x18 = -6.28318514161788
x19 = -41.8879020478639
x20 = -94.2477794556977
x21 = 25.1327411125589
x22 = 94.2477796093525
x23 = -50.2654822985064
x24 = -29.3215314335047
x25 = 43.9822971694142
x26 = -69.1150385967809
x27 = -100.530964690899
x28 = -79.5870138909414
x29 = 77.4926187885482
x30 = -56.5486675394273
x31 = -48.1710873550435
x32 = 85.870199198121
x33 = -69.11503909537
x34 = -18.8495558006412
x35 = -18.8495558711096
x36 = 4.18879020478639
x37 = -92.1533845053006
x38 = 87.9645943357073
x39 = -12.5663703884691
x40 = 75.3982239117447
x41 = -2.0943951023932
x42 = 81.6814091712551
x43 = 98.4365698124802
x44 = 43.9822969706241
x45 = -54.4542726622231
x46 = -35.6047167406843
x47 = 14.6607657167524
x48 = -98.4365698124802
x49 = 79.5870138909414
x50 = 16.7551608191456
x51 = -75.3982238575994
x52 = 62.8318528532238
x53 = 25.1327412731354
x54 = 54.4542726622231
x55 = -87.9645943588266
x56 = -43.9822971745925
x57 = 10.471975511966
x58 = 83.7758040957278
x59 = 100.530964769014
x60 = -18.8495558410301
x61 = 96.342174710087
x62 = 12.5663700882745
x63 = -62.8318529503654
x64 = -90.0589894029074
x65 = 60.7374579694027
x66 = 69.1150383780256
x67 = -81.6814090379303
x68 = 69.1150383295746
x69 = -31.4159267013407
x70 = -37.6991118771132
x71 = -18.8495555012277
x72 = -52.3598775598299
x73 = 50.2654824463501
x74 = 12.5663704551863
x75 = -77.4926187885482
x76 = 25.1327417460082
x77 = 46.0766922526503
x78 = 69.1150384283402
x79 = 0.0
x80 = -85.870199198121
x81 = 52.3598775598299
x82 = 56.5486676119735
x83 = 58.6430628670095
x84 = -33.5103216382911
x85 = 2.0943951023932
x86 = 90.0589894029074
x87 = 18.8495557025416
x88 = 37.6991120149696
x89 = -62.8318529623378
x90 = -83.7758040957278
x91 = 69.115037832119
x92 = -27.2271363311115
x93 = 92.1533845053006
x94 = -39.7935069454707
x95 = -71.2094334813686
x95 = -71.2094334813686