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x^3-3*x^2+3=0

x^3-3*x^2+3=0 la ecuación

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Solución numérica:

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Solución

Ha introducido [src]
 3      2        
x  - 3*x  + 3 = 0
$$\left(x^{3} - 3 x^{2}\right) + 3 = 0$$
Teorema de Cardano-Vieta
es ecuación cúbica reducida
$$p x^{2} + q x + v + x^{3} = 0$$
donde
$$p = \frac{b}{a}$$
$$p = -3$$
$$q = \frac{c}{a}$$
$$q = 0$$
$$v = \frac{d}{a}$$
$$v = 3$$
Fórmulas de Cardano-Vieta
$$x_{1} + x_{2} + x_{3} = - p$$
$$x_{1} x_{2} + x_{1} x_{3} + x_{2} x_{3} = q$$
$$x_{1} x_{2} x_{3} = v$$
$$x_{1} + x_{2} + x_{3} = 3$$
$$x_{1} x_{2} + x_{1} x_{3} + x_{2} x_{3} = 0$$
$$x_{1} x_{2} x_{3} = 3$$
Gráfica
Respuesta rápida [src]
            /pi\                                                    /   /pi\                                                    ___    /pi\\     ___    /pi\
         cos|--|                                                    |sin|--|                                                  \/ 3 *cos|--||   \/ 3 *sin|--|
            \9 /       /                  1                   \     |   \9 /       /                  1                   \            \9 /|            \9 /
x1 = 1 + ------- - 3*re|--------------------------------------| + I*|------- - 3*im|--------------------------------------| + -------------| - -------------
            2          |                     _________________|     |   2          |                     _________________|         2      |         2      
                       |/          ___\     /             ___ |     |              |/          ___\     /             ___ |                |                
                       ||  1   I*\/ 3 |    /  27   27*I*\/ 3  |     |              ||  1   I*\/ 3 |    /  27   27*I*\/ 3  |                |                
                       ||- - - -------|*3 /   -- + ---------- |     |              ||- - - -------|*3 /   -- + ---------- |                |                
                       \\  2      2   / \/    2        2      /     \              \\  2      2   / \/    2        2      /                /                
$$x_{1} = - \frac{\sqrt{3} \sin{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)}}{2} - 3 \operatorname{re}{\left(\frac{1}{\left(- \frac{1}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{3} i}{2}\right) \sqrt[3]{\frac{27}{2} + \frac{27 \sqrt{3} i}{2}}}\right)} + \frac{\cos{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)}}{2} + 1 + i \left(- 3 \operatorname{im}{\left(\frac{1}{\left(- \frac{1}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{3} i}{2}\right) \sqrt[3]{\frac{27}{2} + \frac{27 \sqrt{3} i}{2}}}\right)} + \frac{\sin{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)}}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{3} \cos{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)}}{2}\right)$$
            /pi\                                                    /   /pi\                                                    ___    /pi\\     ___    /pi\
         cos|--|                                                    |sin|--|                                                  \/ 3 *cos|--||   \/ 3 *sin|--|
            \9 /       /                  1                   \     |   \9 /       /                  1                   \            \9 /|            \9 /
x2 = 1 + ------- - 3*re|--------------------------------------| + I*|------- - 3*im|--------------------------------------| - -------------| + -------------
            2          |                     _________________|     |   2          |                     _________________|         2      |         2      
                       |/          ___\     /             ___ |     |              |/          ___\     /             ___ |                |                
                       ||  1   I*\/ 3 |    /  27   27*I*\/ 3  |     |              ||  1   I*\/ 3 |    /  27   27*I*\/ 3  |                |                
                       ||- - + -------|*3 /   -- + ---------- |     |              ||- - + -------|*3 /   -- + ---------- |                |                
                       \\  2      2   / \/    2        2      /     \              \\  2      2   / \/    2        2      /                /                
$$x_{2} = \frac{\sqrt{3} \sin{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)}}{2} + \frac{\cos{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)}}{2} - 3 \operatorname{re}{\left(\frac{1}{\left(- \frac{1}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{3} i}{2}\right) \sqrt[3]{\frac{27}{2} + \frac{27 \sqrt{3} i}{2}}}\right)} + 1 + i \left(- \frac{\sqrt{3} \cos{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)}}{2} + \frac{\sin{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)}}{2} - 3 \operatorname{im}{\left(\frac{1}{\left(- \frac{1}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{3} i}{2}\right) \sqrt[3]{\frac{27}{2} + \frac{27 \sqrt{3} i}{2}}}\right)}\right)$$
                                       _________________
                                      /             ___ 
                                     /  27   27*I*\/ 3  
                                  3 /   -- + ---------- 
                   3              \/    2        2      
x3 = 1 - ---------------------- - ----------------------
              _________________             3           
             /             ___                          
            /  27   27*I*\/ 3                           
         3 /   -- + ----------                          
         \/    2        2                               
$$x_{3} = 1 - \frac{\sqrt[3]{\frac{27}{2} + \frac{27 \sqrt{3} i}{2}}}{3} - \frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{\frac{27}{2} + \frac{27 \sqrt{3} i}{2}}}$$
x3 = 1 - (27/2 + 27*sqrt(3)*i/2)^(1/3)/3 - 3/(27/2 + 27*sqrt(3)*i/2)^(1/3)
Suma y producto de raíces [src]
suma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      _________________
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     /             ___ 
       /pi\                                                    /   /pi\                                                    ___    /pi\\     ___    /pi\          /pi\                                                    /   /pi\                                                    ___    /pi\\     ___    /pi\                                   /  27   27*I*\/ 3  
    cos|--|                                                    |sin|--|                                                  \/ 3 *cos|--||   \/ 3 *sin|--|       cos|--|                                                    |sin|--|                                                  \/ 3 *cos|--||   \/ 3 *sin|--|                                3 /   -- + ---------- 
       \9 /       /                  1                   \     |   \9 /       /                  1                   \            \9 /|            \9 /          \9 /       /                  1                   \     |   \9 /       /                  1                   \            \9 /|            \9 /                 3              \/    2        2      
1 + ------- - 3*re|--------------------------------------| + I*|------- - 3*im|--------------------------------------| + -------------| - ------------- + 1 + ------- - 3*re|--------------------------------------| + I*|------- - 3*im|--------------------------------------| - -------------| + ------------- + 1 - ---------------------- - ----------------------
       2          |                     _________________|     |   2          |                     _________________|         2      |         2                2          |                     _________________|     |   2          |                     _________________|         2      |         2                  _________________             3           
                  |/          ___\     /             ___ |     |              |/          ___\     /             ___ |                |                                     |/          ___\     /             ___ |     |              |/          ___\     /             ___ |                |                           /             ___                          
                  ||  1   I*\/ 3 |    /  27   27*I*\/ 3  |     |              ||  1   I*\/ 3 |    /  27   27*I*\/ 3  |                |                                     ||  1   I*\/ 3 |    /  27   27*I*\/ 3  |     |              ||  1   I*\/ 3 |    /  27   27*I*\/ 3  |                |                          /  27   27*I*\/ 3                           
                  ||- - - -------|*3 /   -- + ---------- |     |              ||- - - -------|*3 /   -- + ---------- |                |                                     ||- - + -------|*3 /   -- + ---------- |     |              ||- - + -------|*3 /   -- + ---------- |                |                       3 /   -- + ----------                          
                  \\  2      2   / \/    2        2      /     \              \\  2      2   / \/    2        2      /                /                                     \\  2      2   / \/    2        2      /     \              \\  2      2   / \/    2        2      /                /                       \/    2        2                               
$$\left(\left(\frac{\sqrt{3} \sin{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)}}{2} + \frac{\cos{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)}}{2} - 3 \operatorname{re}{\left(\frac{1}{\left(- \frac{1}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{3} i}{2}\right) \sqrt[3]{\frac{27}{2} + \frac{27 \sqrt{3} i}{2}}}\right)} + 1 + i \left(- \frac{\sqrt{3} \cos{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)}}{2} + \frac{\sin{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)}}{2} - 3 \operatorname{im}{\left(\frac{1}{\left(- \frac{1}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{3} i}{2}\right) \sqrt[3]{\frac{27}{2} + \frac{27 \sqrt{3} i}{2}}}\right)}\right)\right) + \left(- \frac{\sqrt{3} \sin{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)}}{2} - 3 \operatorname{re}{\left(\frac{1}{\left(- \frac{1}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{3} i}{2}\right) \sqrt[3]{\frac{27}{2} + \frac{27 \sqrt{3} i}{2}}}\right)} + \frac{\cos{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)}}{2} + 1 + i \left(- 3 \operatorname{im}{\left(\frac{1}{\left(- \frac{1}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{3} i}{2}\right) \sqrt[3]{\frac{27}{2} + \frac{27 \sqrt{3} i}{2}}}\right)} + \frac{\sin{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)}}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{3} \cos{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)}}{2}\right)\right)\right) + \left(1 - \frac{\sqrt[3]{\frac{27}{2} + \frac{27 \sqrt{3} i}{2}}}{3} - \frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{\frac{27}{2} + \frac{27 \sqrt{3} i}{2}}}\right)$$
=
                                                                                                                                _________________                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                               /             ___                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                              /  27   27*I*\/ 3       /   /pi\                                                    ___    /pi\\     /   /pi\                                                    ___    /pi\\          
                                                                                                                           3 /   -- + ----------      |sin|--|                                                  \/ 3 *cos|--||     |sin|--|                                                  \/ 3 *cos|--||          
              3                  /                  1                   \       /                  1                   \   \/    2        2           |   \9 /       /                  1                   \            \9 /|     |   \9 /       /                  1                   \            \9 /|      /pi\
3 - ---------------------- - 3*re|--------------------------------------| - 3*re|--------------------------------------| - ---------------------- + I*|------- - 3*im|--------------------------------------| - -------------| + I*|------- - 3*im|--------------------------------------| + -------------| + cos|--|
         _________________       |                     _________________|       |                     _________________|             3                |   2          |                     _________________|         2      |     |   2          |                     _________________|         2      |      \9 /
        /             ___        |/          ___\     /             ___ |       |/          ___\     /             ___ |                              |              |/          ___\     /             ___ |                |     |              |/          ___\     /             ___ |                |          
       /  27   27*I*\/ 3         ||  1   I*\/ 3 |    /  27   27*I*\/ 3  |       ||  1   I*\/ 3 |    /  27   27*I*\/ 3  |                              |              ||  1   I*\/ 3 |    /  27   27*I*\/ 3  |                |     |              ||  1   I*\/ 3 |    /  27   27*I*\/ 3  |                |          
    3 /   -- + ----------        ||- - + -------|*3 /   -- + ---------- |       ||- - - -------|*3 /   -- + ---------- |                              |              ||- - + -------|*3 /   -- + ---------- |                |     |              ||- - - -------|*3 /   -- + ---------- |                |          
    \/    2        2             \\  2      2   / \/    2        2      /       \\  2      2   / \/    2        2      /                              \              \\  2      2   / \/    2        2      /                /     \              \\  2      2   / \/    2        2      /                /          
$$- 3 \operatorname{re}{\left(\frac{1}{\left(- \frac{1}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{3} i}{2}\right) \sqrt[3]{\frac{27}{2} + \frac{27 \sqrt{3} i}{2}}}\right)} - 3 \operatorname{re}{\left(\frac{1}{\left(- \frac{1}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{3} i}{2}\right) \sqrt[3]{\frac{27}{2} + \frac{27 \sqrt{3} i}{2}}}\right)} + \cos{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)} + 3 - \frac{\sqrt[3]{\frac{27}{2} + \frac{27 \sqrt{3} i}{2}}}{3} + i \left(- \frac{\sqrt{3} \cos{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)}}{2} + \frac{\sin{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)}}{2} - 3 \operatorname{im}{\left(\frac{1}{\left(- \frac{1}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{3} i}{2}\right) \sqrt[3]{\frac{27}{2} + \frac{27 \sqrt{3} i}{2}}}\right)}\right) + i \left(- 3 \operatorname{im}{\left(\frac{1}{\left(- \frac{1}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{3} i}{2}\right) \sqrt[3]{\frac{27}{2} + \frac{27 \sqrt{3} i}{2}}}\right)} + \frac{\sin{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)}}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{3} \cos{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)}}{2}\right) - \frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{\frac{27}{2} + \frac{27 \sqrt{3} i}{2}}}$$
producto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    /                                  _________________\
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |                                 /             ___ |
/       /pi\                                                    /   /pi\                                                    ___    /pi\\     ___    /pi\\ /       /pi\                                                    /   /pi\                                                    ___    /pi\\     ___    /pi\\ |                                /  27   27*I*\/ 3  |
|    cos|--|                                                    |sin|--|                                                  \/ 3 *cos|--||   \/ 3 *sin|--|| |    cos|--|                                                    |sin|--|                                                  \/ 3 *cos|--||   \/ 3 *sin|--|| |                             3 /   -- + ---------- |
|       \9 /       /                  1                   \     |   \9 /       /                  1                   \            \9 /|            \9 /| |       \9 /       /                  1                   \     |   \9 /       /                  1                   \            \9 /|            \9 /| |              3              \/    2        2      |
|1 + ------- - 3*re|--------------------------------------| + I*|------- - 3*im|--------------------------------------| + -------------| - -------------|*|1 + ------- - 3*re|--------------------------------------| + I*|------- - 3*im|--------------------------------------| - -------------| + -------------|*|1 - ---------------------- - ----------------------|
|       2          |                     _________________|     |   2          |                     _________________|         2      |         2      | |       2          |                     _________________|     |   2          |                     _________________|         2      |         2      | |         _________________             3           |
|                  |/          ___\     /             ___ |     |              |/          ___\     /             ___ |                |                | |                  |/          ___\     /             ___ |     |              |/          ___\     /             ___ |                |                | |        /             ___                          |
|                  ||  1   I*\/ 3 |    /  27   27*I*\/ 3  |     |              ||  1   I*\/ 3 |    /  27   27*I*\/ 3  |                |                | |                  ||  1   I*\/ 3 |    /  27   27*I*\/ 3  |     |              ||  1   I*\/ 3 |    /  27   27*I*\/ 3  |                |                | |       /  27   27*I*\/ 3                           |
|                  ||- - - -------|*3 /   -- + ---------- |     |              ||- - - -------|*3 /   -- + ---------- |                |                | |                  ||- - + -------|*3 /   -- + ---------- |     |              ||- - + -------|*3 /   -- + ---------- |                |                | |    3 /   -- + ----------                          |
\                  \\  2      2   / \/    2        2      /     \              \\  2      2   / \/    2        2      /                /                / \                  \\  2      2   / \/    2        2      /     \              \\  2      2   / \/    2        2      /                /                / \    \/    2        2                               /
$$\left(- \frac{\sqrt{3} \sin{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)}}{2} - 3 \operatorname{re}{\left(\frac{1}{\left(- \frac{1}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{3} i}{2}\right) \sqrt[3]{\frac{27}{2} + \frac{27 \sqrt{3} i}{2}}}\right)} + \frac{\cos{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)}}{2} + 1 + i \left(- 3 \operatorname{im}{\left(\frac{1}{\left(- \frac{1}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{3} i}{2}\right) \sqrt[3]{\frac{27}{2} + \frac{27 \sqrt{3} i}{2}}}\right)} + \frac{\sin{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)}}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{3} \cos{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)}}{2}\right)\right) \left(\frac{\sqrt{3} \sin{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)}}{2} + \frac{\cos{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)}}{2} - 3 \operatorname{re}{\left(\frac{1}{\left(- \frac{1}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{3} i}{2}\right) \sqrt[3]{\frac{27}{2} + \frac{27 \sqrt{3} i}{2}}}\right)} + 1 + i \left(- \frac{\sqrt{3} \cos{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)}}{2} + \frac{\sin{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)}}{2} - 3 \operatorname{im}{\left(\frac{1}{\left(- \frac{1}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{3} i}{2}\right) \sqrt[3]{\frac{27}{2} + \frac{27 \sqrt{3} i}{2}}}\right)}\right)\right) \left(1 - \frac{\sqrt[3]{\frac{27}{2} + \frac{27 \sqrt{3} i}{2}}}{3} - \frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{\frac{27}{2} + \frac{27 \sqrt{3} i}{2}}}\right)$$
=
                 /             _____________ /            _____________\\                               
 /         /pi\\ |  3 ___   3 /         ___  |     2/3 3 /         ___ || /      ___    /pi\      /pi\\ 
-|2 + 4*sin|--||*\2*\/ 2  - \/  1 + I*\/ 3  *\2 - 2   *\/  1 + I*\/ 3  //*|1 + \/ 3 *sin|--| + cos|--|| 
 \         \18//                                                          \             \9 /      \9 // 
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                                             3 /         ___                                            
                                           4*\/  1 + I*\/ 3                                             
$$- \frac{\left(2 \sqrt[3]{2} - \sqrt[3]{1 + \sqrt{3} i} \left(2 - 2^{\frac{2}{3}} \sqrt[3]{1 + \sqrt{3} i}\right)\right) \left(4 \sin{\left(\frac{\pi}{18} \right)} + 2\right) \left(\sqrt{3} \sin{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)} + \cos{\left(\frac{\pi}{9} \right)} + 1\right)}{4 \sqrt[3]{1 + \sqrt{3} i}}$$
-(2 + 4*sin(pi/18))*(2*2^(1/3) - (1 + i*sqrt(3))^(1/3)*(2 - 2^(2/3)*(1 + i*sqrt(3))^(1/3)))*(1 + sqrt(3)*sin(pi/9) + cos(pi/9))/(4*(1 + i*sqrt(3))^(1/3))
Respuesta numérica [src]
x1 = 1.34729635533386
x2 = -0.879385241571817
x3 = 2.53208888623796
x3 = 2.53208888623796
Gráfico
x^3-3*x^2+3=0 la ecuación