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abs(x^2-2x-3)=a la ecuación

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Solución numérica:

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Solución

Ha introducido [src]
| 2          |    
|x  - 2*x - 3| = a
$$\left|{\left(x^{2} - 2 x\right) - 3}\right| = a$$
Solución detallada
Para cada expresión dentro del módulo en la ecuación
admitimos los casos cuando la expresión correspondiente es ">= 0" o "< 0",
resolvemos las ecuaciones obtenidas.

1.
$$- x^{2} + 2 x + 3 \geq 0$$
o
$$-1 \leq x \wedge x \leq 3$$
obtenemos la ecuación
$$- a + \left(- x^{2} + 2 x + 3\right) = 0$$
simplificamos, obtenemos
$$- a - x^{2} + 2 x + 3 = 0$$
la resolución en este intervalo:
$$x_{1} = 1 - \sqrt{4 - a}$$
$$x_{2} = \sqrt{4 - a} + 1$$

2.
$$- x^{2} + 2 x + 3 < 0$$
o
$$\left(-\infty < x \wedge x < -1\right) \vee \left(3 < x \wedge x < \infty\right)$$
obtenemos la ecuación
$$- a + \left(x^{2} - 2 x - 3\right) = 0$$
simplificamos, obtenemos
$$- a + x^{2} - 2 x - 3 = 0$$
la resolución en este intervalo:
$$x_{3} = 1 - \sqrt{a + 4}$$
$$x_{4} = \sqrt{a + 4} + 1$$


Entonces la respuesta definitiva es:
$$x_{1} = 1 - \sqrt{4 - a}$$
$$x_{2} = \sqrt{4 - a} + 1$$
$$x_{3} = 1 - \sqrt{a + 4}$$
$$x_{4} = \sqrt{a + 4} + 1$$
Gráfica
Suma y producto de raíces [src]
suma
    //                                        2                   \     //                                        2                   \       //                                        2                  \     //                                        2                  \       //                                      2                   \     //                                      2                   \       //                                      2                  \     //                                      2                  \
    ||      _______           /       _______\        _______     |     ||      _______           /       _______\        _______     |       ||      _______           /       _______\        _______    |     ||      _______           /       _______\        _______    |       ||      _______          /      _______\        _______     |     ||      _______          /      _______\        _______     |       ||      _______          /      _______\        _______    |     ||      _______          /      _______\        _______    |
I*im|<1 - \/ 4 - a   for -5 + \-1 + \/ 4 - a /  + 2*\/ 4 - a  <= 0| + re|<1 - \/ 4 - a   for -5 + \-1 + \/ 4 - a /  + 2*\/ 4 - a  <= 0| + I*im|<1 - \/ 4 + a   for -5 + \-1 + \/ 4 + a /  + 2*\/ 4 + a  > 0| + re|<1 - \/ 4 + a   for -5 + \-1 + \/ 4 + a /  + 2*\/ 4 + a  > 0| + I*im|<1 + \/ 4 - a   for 5 - \1 + \/ 4 - a /  + 2*\/ 4 - a  >= 0| + re|<1 + \/ 4 - a   for 5 - \1 + \/ 4 - a /  + 2*\/ 4 - a  >= 0| + I*im|<1 + \/ 4 + a   for 5 - \1 + \/ 4 + a /  + 2*\/ 4 + a  < 0| + re|<1 + \/ 4 + a   for 5 - \1 + \/ 4 + a /  + 2*\/ 4 + a  < 0|
    ||                                                            |     ||                                                            |       ||                                                           |     ||                                                           |       ||                                                          |     ||                                                          |       ||                                                         |     ||                                                         |
    \\     nan                         otherwise                  /     \\     nan                         otherwise                  /       \\     nan                        otherwise                  /     \\     nan                        otherwise                  /       \\     nan                        otherwise                 /     \\     nan                        otherwise                 /       \\     nan                       otherwise                 /     \\     nan                       otherwise                 /
$$\left(\left(\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(\begin{cases} 1 - \sqrt{4 - a} & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{4 - a} + \left(\sqrt{4 - a} - 1\right)^{2} - 5 \leq 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)} + i \operatorname{im}{\left(\begin{cases} 1 - \sqrt{4 - a} & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{4 - a} + \left(\sqrt{4 - a} - 1\right)^{2} - 5 \leq 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)}\right) + \left(\operatorname{re}{\left(\begin{cases} 1 - \sqrt{a + 4} & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{a + 4} + \left(\sqrt{a + 4} - 1\right)^{2} - 5 > 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)} + i \operatorname{im}{\left(\begin{cases} 1 - \sqrt{a + 4} & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{a + 4} + \left(\sqrt{a + 4} - 1\right)^{2} - 5 > 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)}\right)\right) + \left(\operatorname{re}{\left(\begin{cases} \sqrt{4 - a} + 1 & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{4 - a} - \left(\sqrt{4 - a} + 1\right)^{2} + 5 \geq 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)} + i \operatorname{im}{\left(\begin{cases} \sqrt{4 - a} + 1 & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{4 - a} - \left(\sqrt{4 - a} + 1\right)^{2} + 5 \geq 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)}\right)\right) + \left(\operatorname{re}{\left(\begin{cases} \sqrt{a + 4} + 1 & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{a + 4} - \left(\sqrt{a + 4} + 1\right)^{2} + 5 < 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)} + i \operatorname{im}{\left(\begin{cases} \sqrt{a + 4} + 1 & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{a + 4} - \left(\sqrt{a + 4} + 1\right)^{2} + 5 < 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)}\right)$$
=
    //                                      2                  \       //                                      2                   \       //                                        2                  \       //                                        2                   \     //                                      2                  \     //                                      2                   \     //                                        2                  \     //                                        2                   \
    ||      _______          /      _______\        _______    |       ||      _______          /      _______\        _______     |       ||      _______           /       _______\        _______    |       ||      _______           /       _______\        _______     |     ||      _______          /      _______\        _______    |     ||      _______          /      _______\        _______     |     ||      _______           /       _______\        _______    |     ||      _______           /       _______\        _______     |
I*im|<1 + \/ 4 + a   for 5 - \1 + \/ 4 + a /  + 2*\/ 4 + a  < 0| + I*im|<1 + \/ 4 - a   for 5 - \1 + \/ 4 - a /  + 2*\/ 4 - a  >= 0| + I*im|<1 - \/ 4 + a   for -5 + \-1 + \/ 4 + a /  + 2*\/ 4 + a  > 0| + I*im|<1 - \/ 4 - a   for -5 + \-1 + \/ 4 - a /  + 2*\/ 4 - a  <= 0| + re|<1 + \/ 4 + a   for 5 - \1 + \/ 4 + a /  + 2*\/ 4 + a  < 0| + re|<1 + \/ 4 - a   for 5 - \1 + \/ 4 - a /  + 2*\/ 4 - a  >= 0| + re|<1 - \/ 4 + a   for -5 + \-1 + \/ 4 + a /  + 2*\/ 4 + a  > 0| + re|<1 - \/ 4 - a   for -5 + \-1 + \/ 4 - a /  + 2*\/ 4 - a  <= 0|
    ||                                                         |       ||                                                          |       ||                                                           |       ||                                                            |     ||                                                         |     ||                                                          |     ||                                                           |     ||                                                            |
    \\     nan                       otherwise                 /       \\     nan                        otherwise                 /       \\     nan                        otherwise                  /       \\     nan                         otherwise                  /     \\     nan                       otherwise                 /     \\     nan                        otherwise                 /     \\     nan                        otherwise                  /     \\     nan                         otherwise                  /
$$\operatorname{re}{\left(\begin{cases} 1 - \sqrt{4 - a} & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{4 - a} + \left(\sqrt{4 - a} - 1\right)^{2} - 5 \leq 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)} + \operatorname{re}{\left(\begin{cases} 1 - \sqrt{a + 4} & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{a + 4} + \left(\sqrt{a + 4} - 1\right)^{2} - 5 > 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)} + \operatorname{re}{\left(\begin{cases} \sqrt{4 - a} + 1 & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{4 - a} - \left(\sqrt{4 - a} + 1\right)^{2} + 5 \geq 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)} + \operatorname{re}{\left(\begin{cases} \sqrt{a + 4} + 1 & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{a + 4} - \left(\sqrt{a + 4} + 1\right)^{2} + 5 < 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)} + i \operatorname{im}{\left(\begin{cases} 1 - \sqrt{4 - a} & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{4 - a} + \left(\sqrt{4 - a} - 1\right)^{2} - 5 \leq 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)} + i \operatorname{im}{\left(\begin{cases} 1 - \sqrt{a + 4} & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{a + 4} + \left(\sqrt{a + 4} - 1\right)^{2} - 5 > 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)} + i \operatorname{im}{\left(\begin{cases} \sqrt{4 - a} + 1 & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{4 - a} - \left(\sqrt{4 - a} + 1\right)^{2} + 5 \geq 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)} + i \operatorname{im}{\left(\begin{cases} \sqrt{a + 4} + 1 & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{a + 4} - \left(\sqrt{a + 4} + 1\right)^{2} + 5 < 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)}$$
producto
/    //                                        2                   \     //                                        2                   \\ /    //                                        2                  \     //                                        2                  \\ /    //                                      2                   \     //                                      2                   \\ /    //                                      2                  \     //                                      2                  \\
|    ||      _______           /       _______\        _______     |     ||      _______           /       _______\        _______     || |    ||      _______           /       _______\        _______    |     ||      _______           /       _______\        _______    || |    ||      _______          /      _______\        _______     |     ||      _______          /      _______\        _______     || |    ||      _______          /      _______\        _______    |     ||      _______          /      _______\        _______    ||
|I*im|<1 - \/ 4 - a   for -5 + \-1 + \/ 4 - a /  + 2*\/ 4 - a  <= 0| + re|<1 - \/ 4 - a   for -5 + \-1 + \/ 4 - a /  + 2*\/ 4 - a  <= 0||*|I*im|<1 - \/ 4 + a   for -5 + \-1 + \/ 4 + a /  + 2*\/ 4 + a  > 0| + re|<1 - \/ 4 + a   for -5 + \-1 + \/ 4 + a /  + 2*\/ 4 + a  > 0||*|I*im|<1 + \/ 4 - a   for 5 - \1 + \/ 4 - a /  + 2*\/ 4 - a  >= 0| + re|<1 + \/ 4 - a   for 5 - \1 + \/ 4 - a /  + 2*\/ 4 - a  >= 0||*|I*im|<1 + \/ 4 + a   for 5 - \1 + \/ 4 + a /  + 2*\/ 4 + a  < 0| + re|<1 + \/ 4 + a   for 5 - \1 + \/ 4 + a /  + 2*\/ 4 + a  < 0||
|    ||                                                            |     ||                                                            || |    ||                                                           |     ||                                                           || |    ||                                                          |     ||                                                          || |    ||                                                         |     ||                                                         ||
\    \\     nan                         otherwise                  /     \\     nan                         otherwise                  // \    \\     nan                        otherwise                  /     \\     nan                        otherwise                  // \    \\     nan                        otherwise                 /     \\     nan                        otherwise                 // \    \\     nan                       otherwise                 /     \\     nan                       otherwise                 //
$$\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(\begin{cases} 1 - \sqrt{4 - a} & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{4 - a} + \left(\sqrt{4 - a} - 1\right)^{2} - 5 \leq 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)} + i \operatorname{im}{\left(\begin{cases} 1 - \sqrt{4 - a} & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{4 - a} + \left(\sqrt{4 - a} - 1\right)^{2} - 5 \leq 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)}\right) \left(\operatorname{re}{\left(\begin{cases} 1 - \sqrt{a + 4} & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{a + 4} + \left(\sqrt{a + 4} - 1\right)^{2} - 5 > 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)} + i \operatorname{im}{\left(\begin{cases} 1 - \sqrt{a + 4} & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{a + 4} + \left(\sqrt{a + 4} - 1\right)^{2} - 5 > 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)}\right) \left(\operatorname{re}{\left(\begin{cases} \sqrt{4 - a} + 1 & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{4 - a} - \left(\sqrt{4 - a} + 1\right)^{2} + 5 \geq 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)} + i \operatorname{im}{\left(\begin{cases} \sqrt{4 - a} + 1 & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{4 - a} - \left(\sqrt{4 - a} + 1\right)^{2} + 5 \geq 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)}\right) \left(\operatorname{re}{\left(\begin{cases} \sqrt{a + 4} + 1 & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{a + 4} - \left(\sqrt{a + 4} + 1\right)^{2} + 5 < 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)} + i \operatorname{im}{\left(\begin{cases} \sqrt{a + 4} + 1 & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{a + 4} - \left(\sqrt{a + 4} + 1\right)^{2} + 5 < 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)}\right)$$
=
/      2        2                                
|9 + im (a) - re (a) - 2*I*im(a)*re(a)  for a > 0
<                                                
|                 nan                   otherwise
\                                                
$$\begin{cases} - \left(\operatorname{re}{\left(a\right)}\right)^{2} - 2 i \operatorname{re}{\left(a\right)} \operatorname{im}{\left(a\right)} + \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(a\right)}\right)^{2} + 9 & \text{for}\: a > 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}$$
Piecewise((9 + im(a)^2 - re(a)^2 - 2*i*im(a)*re(a), a > 0), (nan, True))
Respuesta rápida [src]
         //                                        2                   \     //                                        2                   \
         ||      _______           /       _______\        _______     |     ||      _______           /       _______\        _______     |
x1 = I*im|<1 - \/ 4 - a   for -5 + \-1 + \/ 4 - a /  + 2*\/ 4 - a  <= 0| + re|<1 - \/ 4 - a   for -5 + \-1 + \/ 4 - a /  + 2*\/ 4 - a  <= 0|
         ||                                                            |     ||                                                            |
         \\     nan                         otherwise                  /     \\     nan                         otherwise                  /
$$x_{1} = \operatorname{re}{\left(\begin{cases} 1 - \sqrt{4 - a} & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{4 - a} + \left(\sqrt{4 - a} - 1\right)^{2} - 5 \leq 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)} + i \operatorname{im}{\left(\begin{cases} 1 - \sqrt{4 - a} & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{4 - a} + \left(\sqrt{4 - a} - 1\right)^{2} - 5 \leq 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)}$$
         //                                        2                  \     //                                        2                  \
         ||      _______           /       _______\        _______    |     ||      _______           /       _______\        _______    |
x2 = I*im|<1 - \/ 4 + a   for -5 + \-1 + \/ 4 + a /  + 2*\/ 4 + a  > 0| + re|<1 - \/ 4 + a   for -5 + \-1 + \/ 4 + a /  + 2*\/ 4 + a  > 0|
         ||                                                           |     ||                                                           |
         \\     nan                        otherwise                  /     \\     nan                        otherwise                  /
$$x_{2} = \operatorname{re}{\left(\begin{cases} 1 - \sqrt{a + 4} & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{a + 4} + \left(\sqrt{a + 4} - 1\right)^{2} - 5 > 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)} + i \operatorname{im}{\left(\begin{cases} 1 - \sqrt{a + 4} & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{a + 4} + \left(\sqrt{a + 4} - 1\right)^{2} - 5 > 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)}$$
         //                                      2                   \     //                                      2                   \
         ||      _______          /      _______\        _______     |     ||      _______          /      _______\        _______     |
x3 = I*im|<1 + \/ 4 - a   for 5 - \1 + \/ 4 - a /  + 2*\/ 4 - a  >= 0| + re|<1 + \/ 4 - a   for 5 - \1 + \/ 4 - a /  + 2*\/ 4 - a  >= 0|
         ||                                                          |     ||                                                          |
         \\     nan                        otherwise                 /     \\     nan                        otherwise                 /
$$x_{3} = \operatorname{re}{\left(\begin{cases} \sqrt{4 - a} + 1 & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{4 - a} - \left(\sqrt{4 - a} + 1\right)^{2} + 5 \geq 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)} + i \operatorname{im}{\left(\begin{cases} \sqrt{4 - a} + 1 & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{4 - a} - \left(\sqrt{4 - a} + 1\right)^{2} + 5 \geq 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)}$$
         //                                      2                  \     //                                      2                  \
         ||      _______          /      _______\        _______    |     ||      _______          /      _______\        _______    |
x4 = I*im|<1 + \/ 4 + a   for 5 - \1 + \/ 4 + a /  + 2*\/ 4 + a  < 0| + re|<1 + \/ 4 + a   for 5 - \1 + \/ 4 + a /  + 2*\/ 4 + a  < 0|
         ||                                                         |     ||                                                         |
         \\     nan                       otherwise                 /     \\     nan                       otherwise                 /
$$x_{4} = \operatorname{re}{\left(\begin{cases} \sqrt{a + 4} + 1 & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{a + 4} - \left(\sqrt{a + 4} + 1\right)^{2} + 5 < 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)} + i \operatorname{im}{\left(\begin{cases} \sqrt{a + 4} + 1 & \text{for}\: 2 \sqrt{a + 4} - \left(\sqrt{a + 4} + 1\right)^{2} + 5 < 0 \\\text{NaN} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)}$$
x4 = re(Piecewise((sqrt(a + 4 + 1, 2*sqrt(a + 4) - (sqrt(a + 4) + 1)^2 + 5 < 0), (nan, True))) + i*im(Piecewise((sqrt(a + 4) + 1, 2*sqrt(a + 4) - (sqrt(a + 4) + 1)^2 + 5 < 0), (nan, True))))