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Gráfico de la función y = sin(x)/x^4

v

Gráfico:

interior superior

Puntos de intersección:

mostrar?

Definida a trozos:

Solución

Ha introducido [src]
       sin(x)
f(x) = ------
          4  
         x   
$$f{\left(x \right)} = \frac{\sin{\left(x \right)}}{x^{4}}$$
f = sin(x)/x^4
Gráfico de la función
Dominio de definición de la función
Puntos en los que la función no está definida exactamente:
$$x_{1} = 0$$
Puntos de cruce con el eje de coordenadas X
El gráfico de la función cruce el eje X con f = 0
o sea hay que resolver la ecuación:
$$\frac{\sin{\left(x \right)}}{x^{4}} = 0$$
Resolvermos esta ecuación
Puntos de cruce con el eje X:

Solución analítica
$$x_{1} = \pi$$
Solución numérica
$$x_{1} = 62.8318530717959$$
$$x_{2} = -50.2654824574367$$
$$x_{3} = 47.1238898038469$$
$$x_{4} = 84.8230016469244$$
$$x_{5} = -53.4070751110265$$
$$x_{6} = 91.106186954104$$
$$x_{7} = -84.8230016469244$$
$$x_{8} = 25.1327412287183$$
$$x_{9} = -3.14159265358979$$
$$x_{10} = -6.28318530717959$$
$$x_{11} = -40.8407044966673$$
$$x_{12} = -18.8495559215388$$
$$x_{13} = 78.5398163397448$$
$$x_{14} = -75.398223686155$$
$$x_{15} = -9.42477796076938$$
$$x_{16} = 72.2566310325652$$
$$x_{17} = -43.9822971502571$$
$$x_{18} = 31.4159265358979$$
$$x_{19} = 9.42477796076938$$
$$x_{20} = 40.8407044966673$$
$$x_{21} = -69.1150383789755$$
$$x_{22} = -103.672557568463$$
$$x_{23} = 12.5663706143592$$
$$x_{24} = 87.9645943005142$$
$$x_{25} = 59.6902604182061$$
$$x_{26} = -37.6991118430775$$
$$x_{27} = -100.530964914873$$
$$x_{28} = -91.106186954104$$
$$x_{29} = 97.3893722612836$$
$$x_{30} = 18.8495559215388$$
$$x_{31} = -12.5663706143592$$
$$x_{32} = -78.5398163397448$$
$$x_{33} = 34.5575191894877$$
$$x_{34} = -94.2477796076938$$
$$x_{35} = 43.9822971502571$$
$$x_{36} = -31.4159265358979$$
$$x_{37} = -81.6814089933346$$
$$x_{38} = -65.9734457253857$$
$$x_{39} = 75.398223686155$$
$$x_{40} = 56.5486677646163$$
$$x_{41} = 3.14159265358979$$
$$x_{42} = 15.707963267949$$
$$x_{43} = -56.5486677646163$$
$$x_{44} = -21.9911485751286$$
$$x_{45} = 50.2654824574367$$
$$x_{46} = -15.707963267949$$
$$x_{47} = 28.2743338823081$$
$$x_{48} = 94.2477796076938$$
$$x_{49} = -59.6902604182061$$
$$x_{50} = -62.8318530717959$$
$$x_{51} = 69.1150383789755$$
$$x_{52} = -34.5575191894877$$
$$x_{53} = -97.3893722612836$$
$$x_{54} = 21.9911485751286$$
$$x_{55} = 65.9734457253857$$
$$x_{56} = 37.6991118430775$$
$$x_{57} = -87.9645943005142$$
$$x_{58} = -72.2566310325652$$
$$x_{59} = -25.1327412287183$$
$$x_{60} = -28.2743338823081$$
$$x_{61} = 81.6814089933346$$
$$x_{62} = 6.28318530717959$$
$$x_{63} = 100.530964914873$$
$$x_{64} = 53.4070751110265$$
$$x_{65} = -47.1238898038469$$
Puntos de cruce con el eje de coordenadas Y
El gráfico cruce el eje Y cuando x es igual a 0:
sustituimos x = 0 en sin(x)/x^4.
$$\frac{\sin{\left(0 \right)}}{0^{4}}$$
Resultado:
$$f{\left(0 \right)} = \text{NaN}$$
- no hay soluciones de la ecuación
Extremos de la función
Para hallar los extremos hay que resolver la ecuación
$$\frac{d}{d x} f{\left(x \right)} = 0$$
(la derivada es igual a cero),
y las raíces de esta ecuación serán los extremos de esta función:
$$\frac{d}{d x} f{\left(x \right)} = $$
primera derivada
$$\frac{\cos{\left(x \right)}}{x^{4}} - \frac{4 \sin{\left(x \right)}}{x^{5}} = 0$$
Resolvermos esta ecuación
Raíces de esta ecuación
$$x_{1} = 54.905147004153$$
$$x_{2} = 36.0177122696989$$
$$x_{3} = -3.91643536817833$$
$$x_{4} = 42.3172567562625$$
$$x_{5} = 10.6358514209244$$
$$x_{6} = 48.6125878655427$$
$$x_{7} = -89.4907229874848$$
$$x_{8} = -13.856126658747$$
$$x_{9} = 17.0483006782016$$
$$x_{10} = 39.1681371651634$$
$$x_{11} = 83.2041677899554$$
$$x_{12} = -54.905147004153$$
$$x_{13} = 32.8656107569429$$
$$x_{14} = 64.3405601260236$$
$$x_{15} = -73.7732602110395$$
$$x_{16} = -42.3172567562625$$
$$x_{17} = -20.2250979158179$$
$$x_{18} = 23.3925885027245$$
$$x_{19} = 3.91643536817833$$
$$x_{20} = 20.2250979158179$$
$$x_{21} = 67.4850389217693$$
$$x_{22} = 120.918249020695$$
$$x_{23} = -23.3925885027245$$
$$x_{24} = 26.554025372648$$
$$x_{25} = 13.856126658747$$
$$x_{26} = -86.3475066265478$$
$$x_{27} = -61.1957856169513$$
$$x_{28} = -45.4653403180975$$
$$x_{29} = -10.6358514209244$$
$$x_{30} = -29.7113059713865$$
$$x_{31} = -80.0606920801604$$
$$x_{32} = 80.0606920801604$$
$$x_{33} = -17.0483006782016$$
$$x_{34} = 70.6292613872399$$
$$x_{35} = 7.35592702313142$$
$$x_{36} = -36.0177122696989$$
$$x_{37} = 92.6338293197393$$
$$x_{38} = 73.7732602110395$$
$$x_{39} = -76.9170627514565$$
$$x_{40} = -83.2041677899554$$
$$x_{41} = -98.9197537891963$$
$$x_{42} = -142.914484277841$$
$$x_{43} = -64.3405601260236$$
$$x_{44} = 98.9197537891963$$
$$x_{45} = -67.4850389217693$$
$$x_{46} = -26.554025372648$$
$$x_{47} = 86.3475066265478$$
$$x_{48} = -95.7768364391699$$
$$x_{49} = 51.7591510649689$$
$$x_{50} = 76.9170627514565$$
$$x_{51} = -92.6338293197393$$
$$x_{52} = 29.7113059713865$$
$$x_{53} = -51.7591510649689$$
$$x_{54} = -7.35592702313142$$
$$x_{55} = -922.053105710894$$
$$x_{56} = -48.6125878655427$$
$$x_{57} = 45.4653403180975$$
$$x_{58} = -58.0506675115744$$
$$x_{59} = 61.1957856169513$$
$$x_{60} = -70.6292613872399$$
$$x_{61} = 252.882392303412$$
$$x_{62} = -39.1681371651634$$
$$x_{63} = 95.7768364391699$$
$$x_{64} = 58.0506675115744$$
$$x_{65} = 102.062589651767$$
$$x_{66} = -32.8656107569429$$
$$x_{67} = 89.4907229874848$$
Signos de extremos en los puntos:
(54.90514700415301, -1.09748424351353e-7)

(36.017712269698876, -5.90573138490323e-7)

(-3.916435368178333, 0.00297363898119923)

(42.31725675626252, -3.10454831057143e-7)

(10.635851420924443, -7.31449268885113e-5)

(48.612587865542714, -1.78459548054671e-7)

(-89.49072298748483, -1.55759497424426e-8)

(-13.856126658747035, -2.60645897698916e-5)

(17.0483006782016, -1.15249508377501e-5)

(39.168137165163394, 4.22683574600292e-7)

(83.20416778995545, 2.08409922801071e-8)

(-54.90514700415301, 1.09748424351353e-7)

(32.86561075694293, 8.50824929781849e-7)

(64.34056012602356, 5.82402180776872e-8)

(-73.77326021103951, 3.37106134268981e-8)

(-42.31725675626252, 3.10454831057143e-7)

(-20.22509791581794, -5.86280903576885e-6)

(23.392588502724486, -3.29176440749978e-6)

(3.916435368178333, -0.00297363898119923)

(20.22509791581794, 5.86280903576885e-6)

(67.48503892176933, -4.81291775980568e-8)

(120.91824902069463, 4.67514523669302e-9)

(-23.392588502724486, 3.29176440749978e-6)

(26.554025372648002, 1.98886935969342e-6)

(13.856126658747035, 2.60645897698916e-5)

(-86.3475066265478, 1.7969471563081e-8)

(-61.195785616951255, 7.11521729092172e-8)

(-45.46534031809747, -2.33133077593193e-7)

(-10.635851420924443, 7.31449268885113e-5)

(-29.711305971386484, 1.27178147734334e-6)

(-80.06069208016042, 2.43097935138504e-8)

(80.06069208016042, -2.43097935138504e-8)

(-17.0483006782016, 1.15249508377501e-5)

(70.62926138723986, 4.01204672332662e-8)

(7.355927023131424, 0.000300053589186415)

(-36.017712269698876, 5.90573138490323e-7)

(92.63382931973935, -1.35680370015572e-8)

(73.77326021103951, -3.37106134268981e-8)

(-76.91706275145651, -2.85313794171889e-8)

(-83.20416778995545, -2.08409922801071e-8)

(-98.91975378919633, 1.04354965234194e-8)

(-142.9144842778405, 2.39621053902668e-9)

(-64.34056012602356, -5.82402180776872e-8)

(98.91975378919633, -1.04354965234194e-8)

(-67.48503892176933, 4.81291775980568e-8)

(-26.554025372648002, -1.98886935969342e-6)

(86.3475066265478, -1.7969471563081e-8)

(-95.77683643916993, -1.1873523810379e-8)

(51.759151064968904, 1.38917960418904e-7)

(76.91706275145651, 2.85313794171889e-8)

(-92.63382931973935, 1.35680370015572e-8)

(29.711305971386484, -1.27178147734334e-6)

(-51.759151064968904, -1.38917960418904e-7)

(-7.355927023131424, -0.000300053589186415)

(-922.0531057108941, 1.38347773259507e-12)

(-48.612587865542714, 1.78459548054671e-7)

(45.46534031809747, 2.33133077593193e-7)

(-58.05066751157438, -8.78501616937435e-8)

(61.195785616951255, -7.11521729092172e-8)

(-70.62926138723986, -4.01204672332662e-8)

(252.88239230341162, 2.44495748568497e-10)

(-39.168137165163394, -4.22683574600292e-7)

(95.77683643916993, 1.1873523810379e-8)

(58.05066751157438, 8.78501616937435e-8)

(102.06258965176721, 9.20874372329637e-9)

(-32.86561075694293, -8.50824929781849e-7)

(89.49072298748483, 1.55759497424426e-8)


Intervalos de crecimiento y decrecimiento de la función:
Hallemos los intervalos donde la función crece y decrece y también los puntos mínimos y máximos de la función, para lo cual miramos cómo se comporta la función en los extremos con desviación mínima del extremo:
Puntos mínimos de la función:
$$x_{1} = 54.905147004153$$
$$x_{2} = 36.0177122696989$$
$$x_{3} = 42.3172567562625$$
$$x_{4} = 10.6358514209244$$
$$x_{5} = 48.6125878655427$$
$$x_{6} = -89.4907229874848$$
$$x_{7} = -13.856126658747$$
$$x_{8} = 17.0483006782016$$
$$x_{9} = -20.2250979158179$$
$$x_{10} = 23.3925885027245$$
$$x_{11} = 3.91643536817833$$
$$x_{12} = 67.4850389217693$$
$$x_{13} = -45.4653403180975$$
$$x_{14} = 80.0606920801604$$
$$x_{15} = 92.6338293197393$$
$$x_{16} = 73.7732602110395$$
$$x_{17} = -76.9170627514565$$
$$x_{18} = -83.2041677899554$$
$$x_{19} = -64.3405601260236$$
$$x_{20} = 98.9197537891963$$
$$x_{21} = -26.554025372648$$
$$x_{22} = 86.3475066265478$$
$$x_{23} = -95.7768364391699$$
$$x_{24} = 29.7113059713865$$
$$x_{25} = -51.7591510649689$$
$$x_{26} = -7.35592702313142$$
$$x_{27} = -58.0506675115744$$
$$x_{28} = 61.1957856169513$$
$$x_{29} = -70.6292613872399$$
$$x_{30} = -39.1681371651634$$
$$x_{31} = -32.8656107569429$$
Puntos máximos de la función:
$$x_{31} = -3.91643536817833$$
$$x_{31} = 39.1681371651634$$
$$x_{31} = 83.2041677899554$$
$$x_{31} = -54.905147004153$$
$$x_{31} = 32.8656107569429$$
$$x_{31} = 64.3405601260236$$
$$x_{31} = -73.7732602110395$$
$$x_{31} = -42.3172567562625$$
$$x_{31} = 20.2250979158179$$
$$x_{31} = 120.918249020695$$
$$x_{31} = -23.3925885027245$$
$$x_{31} = 26.554025372648$$
$$x_{31} = 13.856126658747$$
$$x_{31} = -86.3475066265478$$
$$x_{31} = -61.1957856169513$$
$$x_{31} = -10.6358514209244$$
$$x_{31} = -29.7113059713865$$
$$x_{31} = -80.0606920801604$$
$$x_{31} = -17.0483006782016$$
$$x_{31} = 70.6292613872399$$
$$x_{31} = 7.35592702313142$$
$$x_{31} = -36.0177122696989$$
$$x_{31} = -98.9197537891963$$
$$x_{31} = -142.914484277841$$
$$x_{31} = -67.4850389217693$$
$$x_{31} = 51.7591510649689$$
$$x_{31} = 76.9170627514565$$
$$x_{31} = -92.6338293197393$$
$$x_{31} = -922.053105710894$$
$$x_{31} = -48.6125878655427$$
$$x_{31} = 45.4653403180975$$
$$x_{31} = 252.882392303412$$
$$x_{31} = 95.7768364391699$$
$$x_{31} = 58.0506675115744$$
$$x_{31} = 102.062589651767$$
$$x_{31} = 89.4907229874848$$
Decrece en los intervalos
$$\left[98.9197537891963, \infty\right)$$
Crece en los intervalos
$$\left(-\infty, -95.7768364391699\right]$$
Puntos de flexiones
Hallemos los puntos de flexiones, para eso hay que resolver la ecuación
$$\frac{d^{2}}{d x^{2}} f{\left(x \right)} = 0$$
(la segunda derivada es igual a cero),
las raíces de la ecuación obtenida serán los puntos de flexión para el gráfico de la función indicado:
$$\frac{d^{2}}{d x^{2}} f{\left(x \right)} = $$
segunda derivada
$$\frac{- \sin{\left(x \right)} - \frac{8 \cos{\left(x \right)}}{x} + \frac{20 \sin{\left(x \right)}}{x^{2}}}{x^{4}} = 0$$
Resolvermos esta ecuación
Raíces de esta ecuación
$$x_{1} = 50.1059069640945$$
$$x_{2} = 46.9536140378669$$
$$x_{3} = -109.882946199505$$
$$x_{4} = 11.9023123123852$$
$$x_{5} = -46.9536140378669$$
$$x_{6} = 72.145773078307$$
$$x_{7} = -24.8110526666222$$
$$x_{8} = 40.6440368534098$$
$$x_{9} = 4.78878505737886$$
$$x_{10} = 53.2569316655778$$
$$x_{11} = -56.4069014275054$$
$$x_{12} = -40.6440368534098$$
$$x_{13} = -94.1628332382898$$
$$x_{14} = 8.51016282615891$$
$$x_{15} = -31.1595522204503$$
$$x_{16} = -68.9991276649867$$
$$x_{17} = 100.451334931507$$
$$x_{18} = -21.6223139880194$$
$$x_{19} = 62.7043139073477$$
$$x_{20} = 65.8519989258876$$
$$x_{21} = -392.678708985305$$
$$x_{22} = 75.2919958831875$$
$$x_{23} = -15.1847140801157$$
$$x_{24} = -609.455848379961$$
$$x_{25} = 15.1847140801157$$
$$x_{26} = 34.3247248305535$$
$$x_{27} = 56.4069014275054$$
$$x_{28} = -4.78878505737886$$
$$x_{29} = -81.5833695706461$$
$$x_{30} = -43.7997777505446$$
$$x_{31} = 81.5833695706461$$
$$x_{32} = 68.9991276649867$$
$$x_{33} = -53.2569316655778$$
$$x_{34} = -27.989021578396$$
$$x_{35} = -11.9023123123852$$
$$x_{36} = -62.7043139073477$$
$$x_{37} = 91.0183067721586$$
$$x_{38} = 116.170070456264$$
$$x_{39} = -78.4378470253956$$
$$x_{40} = -34.3247248305535$$
$$x_{41} = -65.8519989258876$$
$$x_{42} = -18.4171002799742$$
$$x_{43} = 94.1628332382898$$
$$x_{44} = -72.145773078307$$
$$x_{45} = 27.989021578396$$
$$x_{46} = 84.7286001727485$$
$$x_{47} = 87.8735702250483$$
$$x_{48} = 97.307170013851$$
$$x_{49} = 37.4859072816634$$
$$x_{50} = -59.5559841675756$$
$$x_{51} = -37.4859072816634$$
$$x_{52} = 24.8110526666222$$
$$x_{53} = -100.451334931507$$
$$x_{54} = 21.6223139880194$$
$$x_{55} = 18.4171002799742$$
$$x_{56} = -505.780600175478$$
$$x_{57} = -50.1059069640945$$
$$x_{58} = -8.51016282615891$$
$$x_{59} = 31.1595522204503$$
$$x_{60} = 78.4378470253956$$
$$x_{61} = -84.7286001727485$$
$$x_{62} = -91.0183067721586$$
$$x_{63} = 43.7997777505446$$
$$x_{64} = -75.2919958831875$$
$$x_{65} = -87.8735702250483$$
$$x_{66} = 59.5559841675756$$
$$x_{67} = -97.307170013851$$
Además hay que calcular los límites de y'' para los argumentos tendientes a los puntos de indeterminación de la función:
Puntos donde hay indeterminación:
$$x_{1} = 0$$

$$\lim_{x \to 0^-}\left(\frac{- \sin{\left(x \right)} - \frac{8 \cos{\left(x \right)}}{x} + \frac{20 \sin{\left(x \right)}}{x^{2}}}{x^{4}}\right) = -\infty$$
$$\lim_{x \to 0^+}\left(\frac{- \sin{\left(x \right)} - \frac{8 \cos{\left(x \right)}}{x} + \frac{20 \sin{\left(x \right)}}{x^{2}}}{x^{4}}\right) = \infty$$
- los límites no son iguales, signo
$$x_{1} = 0$$
- es el punto de flexión

Intervalos de convexidad y concavidad:
Hallemos los intervales donde la función es convexa o cóncava, para eso veamos cómo se comporta la función en los puntos de flexiones:
Cóncava en los intervalos
$$\left[116.170070456264, \infty\right)$$
Convexa en los intervalos
$$\left(-\infty, -505.780600175478\right]$$
Asíntotas verticales
Hay:
$$x_{1} = 0$$
Asíntotas horizontales
Hallemos las asíntotas horizontales mediante los límites de esta función con x->+oo y x->-oo
$$\lim_{x \to -\infty}\left(\frac{\sin{\left(x \right)}}{x^{4}}\right) = 0$$
Tomamos como el límite
es decir,
ecuación de la asíntota horizontal a la izquierda:
$$y = 0$$
$$\lim_{x \to \infty}\left(\frac{\sin{\left(x \right)}}{x^{4}}\right) = 0$$
Tomamos como el límite
es decir,
ecuación de la asíntota horizontal a la derecha:
$$y = 0$$
Asíntotas inclinadas
Se puede hallar la asíntota inclinada calculando el límite de la función sin(x)/x^4, dividida por x con x->+oo y x ->-oo
$$\lim_{x \to -\infty}\left(\frac{\sin{\left(x \right)}}{x x^{4}}\right) = 0$$
Tomamos como el límite
es decir,
la inclinada coincide con la asíntota horizontal a la derecha
$$\lim_{x \to \infty}\left(\frac{\sin{\left(x \right)}}{x x^{4}}\right) = 0$$
Tomamos como el límite
es decir,
la inclinada coincide con la asíntota horizontal a la izquierda
Paridad e imparidad de la función
Comprobemos si la función es par o impar mediante las relaciones f = f(-x) и f = -f(-x).
Pues, comprobamos:
$$\frac{\sin{\left(x \right)}}{x^{4}} = - \frac{\sin{\left(x \right)}}{x^{4}}$$
- No
$$\frac{\sin{\left(x \right)}}{x^{4}} = \frac{\sin{\left(x \right)}}{x^{4}}$$
- No
es decir, función
no es
par ni impar