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Gráfico de la función y = log((x^2+1)^2/5)/x^3

v

Gráfico:

interior superior

Puntos de intersección:

mostrar?

Definida a trozos:

Solución

Ha introducido [src]
          /        2\
          |/ 2    \ |
          |\x  + 1/ |
       log|---------|
          \    5    /
f(x) = --------------
              3      
             x       
$$f{\left(x \right)} = \frac{\log{\left(\frac{\left(x^{2} + 1\right)^{2}}{5} \right)}}{x^{3}}$$
f = log((x^2 + 1)^2/5)/x^3
Gráfico de la función
Dominio de definición de la función
Puntos en los que la función no está definida exactamente:
$$x_{1} = 0$$
Puntos de cruce con el eje de coordenadas X
El gráfico de la función cruce el eje X con f = 0
o sea hay que resolver la ecuación:
$$\frac{\log{\left(\frac{\left(x^{2} + 1\right)^{2}}{5} \right)}}{x^{3}} = 0$$
Resolvermos esta ecuación
Puntos de cruce con el eje X:

Solución analítica
$$x_{1} = - \sqrt{-1 + \sqrt{5}}$$
$$x_{2} = \sqrt{-1 + \sqrt{5}}$$
Solución numérica
$$x_{1} = -45978.6598613367$$
$$x_{2} = 34329.5744495008$$
$$x_{3} = 51481.1626235431$$
$$x_{4} = -32000.6112574605$$
$$x_{5} = 32168.1287842302$$
$$x_{6} = -48115.8455181308$$
$$x_{7} = 55738.5140043006$$
$$x_{8} = -49183.3275954102$$
$$x_{9} = 36486.4438020679$$
$$x_{10} = -33082.1194284885$$
$$x_{11} = 45074.5800651095$$
$$x_{12} = -41694.7435857073$$
$$x_{13} = 41860.8026883503$$
$$x_{14} = -38472.5990332614$$
$$x_{15} = -55573.9207354775$$
$$x_{16} = -34162.427309054$$
$$x_{17} = 48281.1591738991$$
$$x_{18} = 52546.463389683$$
$$x_{19} = -53446.3254701857$$
$$x_{20} = 46144.206736065$$
$$x_{21} = 38639.0900340419$$
$$x_{22} = -47047.6302561259$$
$$x_{23} = -39547.585149723$$
$$x_{24} = -51316.1744707457$$
$$x_{25} = -43838.3597435472$$
$$x_{26} = 37563.274631591$$
$$x_{27} = -40621.6223733917$$
$$x_{28} = -52381.5778809913$$
$$x_{29} = 35408.5579051374$$
$$x_{30} = -44908.9111777351$$
$$x_{31} = 40787.8204287057$$
$$x_{32} = 54675.1225093231$$
$$x_{33} = 49348.5296729296$$
$$x_{34} = 42932.9044481279$$
$$x_{35} = 50415.1909444367$$
$$x_{36} = -37396.628969451$$
$$x_{37} = -36319.6375189345$$
$$x_{38} = -54510.4343218506$$
$$x_{39} = 33249.4477903972$$
$$x_{40} = -42766.979682935$$
$$x_{41} = 47213.058784687$$
$$x_{42} = -35241.584618344$$
$$x_{43} = 39713.9270647488$$
$$x_{44} = -50250.0973165217$$
$$x_{45} = 44004.1545189412$$
$$x_{46} = 53611.1110320487$$
Puntos de cruce con el eje de coordenadas Y
El gráfico cruce el eje Y cuando x es igual a 0:
sustituimos x = 0 en log((x^2 + 1)^2/5)/x^3.
$$\frac{\log{\left(\frac{\left(0^{2} + 1\right)^{2}}{5} \right)}}{0^{3}}$$
Resultado:
$$f{\left(0 \right)} = \tilde{\infty}$$
signof no cruza Y
Extremos de la función
Para hallar los extremos hay que resolver la ecuación
$$\frac{d}{d x} f{\left(x \right)} = 0$$
(la derivada es igual a cero),
y las raíces de esta ecuación serán los extremos de esta función:
$$\frac{d}{d x} f{\left(x \right)} = $$
primera derivada
$$\frac{4 x}{x^{3} \left(x^{2} + 1\right)} - \frac{3 \log{\left(\frac{\left(x^{2} + 1\right)^{2}}{5} \right)}}{x^{4}} = 0$$
Resolvermos esta ecuación
Raíces de esta ecuación
$$x_{1} = 6518.06419316066$$
$$x_{2} = -11851.6998120867$$
$$x_{3} = 3399.05359434548$$
$$x_{4} = 4444.99631763352$$
$$x_{5} = -9813.26997388103$$
$$x_{6} = -12360.0298581425$$
$$x_{7} = -3095.489171382$$
$$x_{8} = 11382.3012710817$$
$$x_{9} = 7290.71220421772$$
$$x_{10} = 3661.29254612632$$
$$x_{11} = -11597.3560596516$$
$$x_{12} = -12614.0225337288$$
$$x_{13} = -10068.5627021184$$
$$x_{14} = 5484.14302919119$$
$$x_{15} = -5444.02039378729$$
$$x_{16} = 12145.2794322771$$
$$x_{17} = 6001.68280602692$$
$$x_{18} = 5743.06582175864$$
$$x_{19} = 11636.7493233136$$
$$x_{20} = 8830.15156373676$$
$$x_{21} = 6775.85744526435$$
$$x_{22} = -11088.2939056672$$
$$x_{23} = 9086.06540077348$$
$$x_{24} = -6220.02683861568$$
$$x_{25} = 11127.7264977828$$
$$x_{26} = 8574.06158530194$$
$$x_{27} = -8021.59448266171$$
$$x_{28} = -8278.08788897982$$
$$x_{29} = -5702.99212038224$$
$$x_{30} = -6993.53773800257$$
$$x_{31} = -10578.7071403181$$
$$x_{32} = 2872.80087895029$$
$$x_{33} = -9046.44833748345$$
$$x_{34} = 10363.2030364676$$
$$x_{35} = -11342.8886291357$$
$$x_{36} = -4925.0749937381$$
$$x_{37} = 10873.0212263762$$
$$x_{38} = 7033.40292555665$$
$$x_{39} = -7764.90165153377$$
$$x_{40} = -3620.72063043173$$
$$x_{41} = -3882.51019172682$$
$$x_{42} = 9852.81206483734$$
$$x_{43} = 10618.1814741767$$
$$x_{44} = -10833.5680813767$$
$$x_{45} = -4404.64434229941$$
$$x_{46} = 7804.66395559646$$
$$x_{47} = 12907.2083322547$$
$$x_{48} = -6735.95468103015$$
$$x_{49} = -9557.82362360971$$
$$x_{50} = -7250.8828646363$$
$$x_{51} = -5184.72155271381$$
$$x_{52} = 13160.9655718628$$
$$x_{53} = 12399.368141897$$
$$x_{54} = -4143.80592051648$$
$$x_{55} = -3358.39588959699$$
$$x_{56} = 3923.00306647649$$
$$x_{57} = 9341.80949354275$$
$$x_{58} = 4184.22571182609$$
$$x_{59} = 11891.074240728$$
$$x_{60} = 4705.34662360077$$
$$x_{61} = -12105.9233220089$$
$$x_{62} = -6478.12197186495$$
$$x_{63} = -10323.7068418273$$
$$x_{64} = 8317.78862814313$$
$$x_{65} = 5224.89612538554$$
$$x_{66} = 6260.01056836151$$
$$x_{67} = -9302.21830634859$$
$$x_{68} = -7508.00085000034$$
$$x_{69} = -8790.50766114978$$
$$x_{70} = -13121.678040193$$
$$x_{71} = 10108.0814683842$$
$$x_{72} = -8534.3898147497$$
$$x_{73} = 8061.32537042608$$
$$x_{74} = 7547.79593529315$$
$$x_{75} = -1.61966878843573$$
$$x_{76} = 9597.38983821362$$
$$x_{77} = 12653.3434597092$$
$$x_{78} = 3136.24029749988$$
$$x_{79} = 4965.3048375654$$
$$x_{80} = -5961.65532289636$$
$$x_{81} = -12867.9043169035$$
$$x_{82} = -4665.05779296199$$
Signos de extremos en los puntos:
(6518.064193160658, 1.21044963357984e-10)

(-11851.6998120867, -2.1572040913802e-11)

(3399.053594345479, 7.87232912264856e-10)

(4444.996317633525, 3.64235580016607e-10)

(-9813.269973881028, -3.7201864419083e-11)

(-12360.02985814245, -1.91073916367717e-11)

(-3095.489171382003, -1.0296760402958e-9)

(11382.301271081735, 2.42428487001415e-11)

(7290.71220421772, 8.76516226797997e-11)

(3661.2925461263185, 6.35960449220625e-10)

(-11597.356059651616, -2.29670644928876e-11)

(-12614.022533728794, -1.80167917149272e-11)

(-10068.562702118408, -3.45438465575271e-11)

(5484.143029191189, 1.9903602409585e-10)

(-5444.020393787294, -2.03287202743133e-10)

(12145.27943227713, 2.00998443311055e-11)

(6001.682806026924, 1.53527002578723e-10)

(5743.065821758638, 1.74285366777242e-10)

(11636.749323313585, 2.27432134697838e-11)

(8830.15156373676, 5.04491352207206e-11)

(6775.857445264345, 1.08246890126596e-10)

(-11088.293905667222, -2.61460552826252e-11)

(9086.065400773476, 4.64576406580142e-11)

(-6220.026838615678, -1.38513932393409e-10)

(11127.726497782784, 2.58793882164634e-11)

(8574.061585301943, 5.49191718295356e-11)

(-8021.594482661712, -6.65497306159415e-11)

(-8278.087888979817, -6.0775307787533e-11)

(-5702.992120382243, -1.77834237736223e-10)

(-6993.537738002567, -9.88201668904932e-11)

(-10578.707140318073, -2.99504717035545e-11)

(2872.800878950293, 1.27557049464138e-9)

(-9046.448337483454, -4.70470634194096e-11)

(10363.203036467585, 3.17840963729678e-11)

(-11342.888629135738, -2.44869274167472e-11)

(-4925.074993738103, -2.71201617451594e-10)

(10873.021226376193, 2.76689786559982e-11)

(7033.402925556651, 9.72146877563512e-11)

(-7764.901651533772, -7.30924659800414e-11)

(-3620.7206304317315, -6.56640592230445e-10)

(-3882.5101917268184, -5.37339124728599e-10)

(9852.812064837335, 3.67725722400657e-11)

(10618.181474176656, 2.96301234594712e-11)

(-10833.568081376741, -2.79609355716693e-11)

(-4404.6443422994125, -3.73911236685375e-10)

(7804.663955596462, 7.20239743151431e-11)

(12907.208332254668, 1.68594623367515e-11)

(-6735.954681030153, -1.10104721777148e-10)

(-9557.823623609715, -4.01442794398931e-11)

(-7250.882864636299, -8.90465122139599e-11)

(-5184.72155271381, -2.33937873255817e-10)

(13160.965571862756, 1.59371024220174e-11)

(12399.368141897032, 1.89327750035414e-11)

(-4143.805920516483, -4.45626701109751e-10)

(-3358.3958895969886, -8.14901099295812e-10)

(3923.0030664764877, 5.21558595535981e-10)

(9341.809493542745, 4.2881821572017e-11)

(4184.225711826089, 4.33366764973401e-10)

(11891.074240728041, 2.13663484494429e-11)

(4705.346623600766, 3.09244431858387e-10)

(-12105.923322008866, -2.02891971586852e-11)

(-6478.121971864946, -1.23207341133632e-10)

(-10323.706841827317, -3.2136408610236e-11)

(8317.788628143135, 5.99424703019038e-11)

(5224.8961253855405, 2.28799426898079e-10)

(6260.010568361509, 1.35981194181301e-10)

(-9302.218306348592, -4.34105781777473e-11)

(-7508.000850000335, -8.05371435413554e-11)

(-8790.50766114978, -5.11082753217141e-11)

(-13121.678040192954, -1.60753899129819e-11)

(10108.081468384169, 3.41554403434072e-11)

(-8534.389814749704, -5.56587630741449e-11)

(8061.325370426076, 6.56083107640302e-11)

(7547.795935293155, 7.93191496137724e-11)

(-1.6196687884357346, -0.227198256848027)

(9597.389838213616, 3.96685194304599e-11)

(12653.343459709155, 1.78554939981933e-11)

(3136.2402974998754, 9.91753542121228e-10)

(4965.3048375654025, 2.64928722921356e-10)

(-5961.655322896363, -1.56513897456787e-10)

(-12867.904316903538, -1.70086970816499e-11)

(-4665.057792961993, -3.16987204621213e-10)


Intervalos de crecimiento y decrecimiento de la función:
Hallemos los intervalos donde la función crece y decrece y también los puntos mínimos y máximos de la función, para lo cual miramos cómo se comporta la función en los extremos con desviación mínima del extremo:
Puntos mínimos de la función:
$$x_{1} = -1.61966878843573$$
La función no tiene puntos máximos
Decrece en los intervalos
$$\left[-1.61966878843573, \infty\right)$$
Crece en los intervalos
$$\left(-\infty, -1.61966878843573\right]$$
Puntos de flexiones
Hallemos los puntos de flexiones, para eso hay que resolver la ecuación
$$\frac{d^{2}}{d x^{2}} f{\left(x \right)} = 0$$
(la segunda derivada es igual a cero),
las raíces de la ecuación obtenida serán los puntos de flexión para el gráfico de la función indicado:
$$\frac{d^{2}}{d x^{2}} f{\left(x \right)} = $$
segunda derivada
$$\frac{4 \left(- \frac{\frac{2 x^{2}}{x^{2} + 1} - 1}{x^{2} + 1} - \frac{6}{x^{2} + 1} + \frac{3 \log{\left(\frac{\left(x^{2} + 1\right)^{2}}{5} \right)}}{x^{2}}\right)}{x^{3}} = 0$$
Resolvermos esta ecuación
Raíces de esta ecuación
$$x_{1} = 2303.80514955558$$
$$x_{2} = -1022.50210827633$$
$$x_{3} = -2914.15975165643$$
$$x_{4} = 2408.42872523262$$
$$x_{5} = -1762.86463942876$$
$$x_{6} = -4573.92603922068$$
$$x_{7} = 3346.50388565318$$
$$x_{8} = 1884.31384579823$$
$$x_{9} = 2617.41313087114$$
$$x_{10} = 1462.90131525495$$
$$x_{11} = -3434.31551099244$$
$$x_{12} = 4383.15231495028$$
$$x_{13} = -3226.44178913679$$
$$x_{14} = 3138.52786381048$$
$$x_{15} = 4176.20508908187$$
$$x_{16} = 2512.96321535521$$
$$x_{17} = 1145.23169867778$$
$$x_{18} = -1446.53974406601$$
$$x_{19} = -3745.70188656372$$
$$x_{20} = -1973.0894710662$$
$$x_{21} = -4883.81931094586$$
$$x_{22} = 2.12985118243031$$
$$x_{23} = -2392.23209065184$$
$$x_{24} = -3018.32017903387$$
$$x_{25} = 3554.24322263173$$
$$x_{26} = 2199.08755564787$$
$$x_{27} = -2496.78006822525$$
$$x_{28} = 3658.029668452$$
$$x_{29} = 2094.2705359383$$
$$x_{30} = -2601.24279845849$$
$$x_{31} = -1657.56364532707$$
$$x_{32} = 1357.18302671492$$
$$x_{33} = 1779.16040841559$$
$$x_{34} = 3242.54664429815$$
$$x_{35} = 1251.2971185997$$
$$x_{36} = -1340.79626723913$$
$$x_{37} = 5209.3559389567$$
$$x_{38} = -809.32479392789$$
$$x_{39} = -1868.03721474953$$
$$x_{40} = 2826.07544728705$$
$$x_{41} = -4160.17325579573$$
$$x_{42} = -4367.13389729554$$
$$x_{43} = -916.014017022369$$
$$x_{44} = 825.859924197173$$
$$x_{45} = 4796.55327667034$$
$$x_{46} = -4987.04274713128$$
$$x_{47} = 4693.26174838783$$
$$x_{48} = -4263.67528756269$$
$$x_{49} = 3969.079421282$$
$$x_{50} = 4899.80747488648$$
$$x_{51} = 3865.44597469374$$
$$x_{52} = -2078.02874176108$$
$$x_{53} = -5296.50366806541$$
$$x_{54} = -3122.41325437825$$
$$x_{55} = 3761.76330296052$$
$$x_{56} = 2721.78260764836$$
$$x_{57} = -2.12985118243031$$
$$x_{58} = -4677.26199866126$$
$$x_{59} = -2809.92894118272$$
$$x_{60} = 4486.56241049074$$
$$x_{61} = -1552.12529210949$$
$$x_{62} = -4056.62641330838$$
$$x_{63} = -2182.86167184334$$
$$x_{64} = 2930.29515279528$$
$$x_{65} = 4072.66527861845$$
$$x_{66} = -4470.55039933884$$
$$x_{67} = 1989.34814773609$$
$$x_{68} = -3953.03329096438$$
$$x_{69} = 5106.20786719225$$
$$x_{70} = 5003.02535140176$$
$$x_{71} = -1234.88334693427$$
$$x_{72} = 4279.70030892823$$
$$x_{73} = 5312.47044196983$$
$$x_{74} = 932.518616800977$$
$$x_{75} = -3330.40839663189$$
$$x_{76} = -2287.59429270753$$
$$x_{77} = 1038.97524134192$$
$$x_{78} = -2705.62447247942$$
$$x_{79} = -5193.38402325508$$
$$x_{80} = -4780.55940012208$$
$$x_{81} = 4589.93183088358$$
$$x_{82} = 3450.40199580858$$
$$x_{83} = 3034.44495978867$$
$$x_{84} = -3641.96019924861$$
$$x_{85} = 1673.87985957773$$
$$x_{86} = -1128.78907185497$$
$$x_{87} = -3538.16540387182$$
$$x_{88} = -5090.23067678071$$
$$x_{89} = 1568.46339349418$$
$$x_{90} = -3849.39233241064$$
Además hay que calcular los límites de y'' para los argumentos tendientes a los puntos de indeterminación de la función:
Puntos donde hay indeterminación:
$$x_{1} = 0$$

$$\lim_{x \to 0^-}\left(\frac{4 \left(- \frac{\frac{2 x^{2}}{x^{2} + 1} - 1}{x^{2} + 1} - \frac{6}{x^{2} + 1} + \frac{3 \log{\left(\frac{\left(x^{2} + 1\right)^{2}}{5} \right)}}{x^{2}}\right)}{x^{3}}\right) = \infty$$
$$\lim_{x \to 0^+}\left(\frac{4 \left(- \frac{\frac{2 x^{2}}{x^{2} + 1} - 1}{x^{2} + 1} - \frac{6}{x^{2} + 1} + \frac{3 \log{\left(\frac{\left(x^{2} + 1\right)^{2}}{5} \right)}}{x^{2}}\right)}{x^{3}}\right) = -\infty$$
- los límites no son iguales, signo
$$x_{1} = 0$$
- es el punto de flexión

Intervalos de convexidad y concavidad:
Hallemos los intervales donde la función es convexa o cóncava, para eso veamos cómo se comporta la función en los puntos de flexiones:
Cóncava en los intervalos
$$\left[2.12985118243031, \infty\right)$$
Convexa en los intervalos
$$\left(-\infty, -2.12985118243031\right]$$
Asíntotas verticales
Hay:
$$x_{1} = 0$$
Asíntotas horizontales
Hallemos las asíntotas horizontales mediante los límites de esta función con x->+oo y x->-oo
$$\lim_{x \to -\infty}\left(\frac{\log{\left(\frac{\left(x^{2} + 1\right)^{2}}{5} \right)}}{x^{3}}\right) = 0$$
Tomamos como el límite
es decir,
ecuación de la asíntota horizontal a la izquierda:
$$y = 0$$
$$\lim_{x \to \infty}\left(\frac{\log{\left(\frac{\left(x^{2} + 1\right)^{2}}{5} \right)}}{x^{3}}\right) = 0$$
Tomamos como el límite
es decir,
ecuación de la asíntota horizontal a la derecha:
$$y = 0$$
Asíntotas inclinadas
Se puede hallar la asíntota inclinada calculando el límite de la función log((x^2 + 1)^2/5)/x^3, dividida por x con x->+oo y x ->-oo
$$\lim_{x \to -\infty}\left(\frac{\log{\left(\frac{\left(x^{2} + 1\right)^{2}}{5} \right)}}{x x^{3}}\right) = 0$$
Tomamos como el límite
es decir,
la inclinada coincide con la asíntota horizontal a la derecha
$$\lim_{x \to \infty}\left(\frac{\log{\left(\frac{\left(x^{2} + 1\right)^{2}}{5} \right)}}{x x^{3}}\right) = 0$$
Tomamos como el límite
es decir,
la inclinada coincide con la asíntota horizontal a la izquierda
Paridad e imparidad de la función
Comprobemos si la función es par o impar mediante las relaciones f = f(-x) и f = -f(-x).
Pues, comprobamos:
$$\frac{\log{\left(\frac{\left(x^{2} + 1\right)^{2}}{5} \right)}}{x^{3}} = - \frac{\log{\left(\frac{\left(x^{2} + 1\right)^{2}}{5} \right)}}{x^{3}}$$
- No
$$\frac{\log{\left(\frac{\left(x^{2} + 1\right)^{2}}{5} \right)}}{x^{3}} = \frac{\log{\left(\frac{\left(x^{2} + 1\right)^{2}}{5} \right)}}{x^{3}}$$
- No
es decir, función
no es
par ni impar