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Gráfico de la función y = sin(2*x+1)^(8)/(x)

v

Gráfico:

interior superior

Puntos de intersección:

mostrar?

Definida a trozos:

Solución

Ha introducido [src]
          8         
       sin (2*x + 1)
f(x) = -------------
             x      
$$f{\left(x \right)} = \frac{\sin^{8}{\left(2 x + 1 \right)}}{x}$$
f = sin(2*x + 1)^8/x
Gráfico de la función
Dominio de definición de la función
Puntos en los que la función no está definida exactamente:
$$x_{1} = 0$$
Puntos de cruce con el eje de coordenadas X
El gráfico de la función cruce el eje X con f = 0
o sea hay que resolver la ecuación:
$$\frac{\sin^{8}{\left(2 x + 1 \right)}}{x} = 0$$
Resolvermos esta ecuación
Puntos de cruce con el eje X:

Solución analítica
$$x_{1} = - \frac{1}{2}$$
$$x_{2} = - \frac{1}{2} + \frac{\pi}{2}$$
Solución numérica
$$x_{1} = 12.0615523593694$$
$$x_{2} = -9.93025078054588$$
$$x_{3} = -66.4484631710123$$
$$x_{4} = 82.7588551365849$$
$$x_{5} = -99.4778752930652$$
$$x_{6} = 84.3181874491064$$
$$x_{7} = 48.1983402251652$$
$$x_{8} = -58.6193757176184$$
$$x_{9} = -39.7685900729079$$
$$x_{10} = -74.3065043690709$$
$$x_{11} = 70.1900718388325$$
$$x_{12} = 43.5070776543419$$
$$x_{13} = -2.0781390617709$$
$$x_{14} = -60.176912149219$$
$$x_{15} = -16.1934721944657$$
$$x_{16} = 23.0773619948886$$
$$x_{17} = 26.2066085561393$$
$$x_{18} = 98.4467846625904$$
$$x_{19} = 40.334736116208$$
$$x_{20} = 35.6509384373175$$
$$x_{21} = 38.7452943448145$$
$$x_{22} = -75.907719978107$$
$$x_{23} = -27.2273416939306$$
$$x_{24} = 34.0533485067427$$
$$x_{25} = 18.3430115752606$$
$$x_{26} = 76.4753979800327$$
$$x_{27} = 57.6424025358945$$
$$x_{28} = -68.0410327593829$$
$$x_{29} = -63.354806286356$$
$$x_{30} = -24.0574572376745$$
$$x_{31} = 4.21487400936572$$
$$x_{32} = -80.6020417338525$$
$$x_{33} = -83.752059271432$$
$$x_{34} = -97.9035822422468$$
$$x_{35} = -25.6404138014377$$
$$x_{36} = -41.363371831441$$
$$x_{37} = -71.2085828331969$$
$$x_{38} = -31.9221425644025$$
$$x_{39} = -61.7603245597903$$
$$x_{40} = 85.9014385526118$$
$$x_{41} = -46.0492445613531$$
$$x_{42} = -47.6321282879908$$
$$x_{43} = -93.1987569558512$$
$$x_{44} = 100.028717010425$$
$$x_{45} = 32.4718130944684$$
$$x_{46} = 65.4980873319397$$
$$x_{47} = 19.9261052500872$$
$$x_{48} = -3.64867469102178$$
$$x_{49} = 24.610899760378$$
$$x_{50} = 79.6338415702186$$
$$x_{51} = 62.3264609409385$$
$$x_{52} = -38.1851938980327$$
$$x_{53} = 78.036927197878$$
$$x_{54} = -85.3462188211258$$
$$x_{55} = -55.4946680332775$$
$$x_{56} = 92.1818072275963$$
$$x_{57} = 49.7815500246322$$
$$x_{58} = 68.5939098887096$$
$$x_{59} = -36.6410507787002$$
$$x_{60} = -11.5113930964754$$
$$x_{61} = 76.4551227467172$$
$$x_{62} = 54.46346633568$$
$$x_{63} = -52.314966256059$$
$$x_{64} = -17.7768558336054$$
$$x_{65} = -82.1686361096965$$
$$x_{66} = -44.4572427630439$$
$$x_{67} = -33.5030469013085$$
$$x_{68} = -49.218085772617$$
$$x_{69} = -19.3718969330877$$
$$x_{70} = 93.7648759018355$$
$$x_{71} = -69.6238381109649$$
$$x_{72} = 60.736429575218$$
$$x_{73} = 46.602406779266$$
$$x_{74} = 10.4801380966139$$
$$x_{75} = -2.06565042532466$$
$$x_{76} = 41.9178865758869$$
$$x_{77} = 13.6594136313178$$
$$x_{78} = 87.4890148256822$$
$$x_{79} = 63.9096642404996$$
$$x_{80} = 5.7981187773955$$
$$x_{81} = -96.2980539037501$$
$$x_{82} = -77.486276800206$$
$$x_{83} = 82.727600721034$$
$$x_{84} = -6.80009000754028$$
$$x_{85} = 90.5854209493139$$
$$x_{86} = -91.6155437918681$$
$$x_{87} = 56.0451380715854$$
$$x_{88} = -30.3234324819537$$
$$x_{89} = 71.7732190788116$$
$$x_{90} = -88.4397021726468$$
$$x_{91} = -90.0328220283044$$
$$x_{92} = 27.789866101788$$
$$x_{93} = -53.9143152585877$$
Puntos de cruce con el eje de coordenadas Y
El gráfico cruce el eje Y cuando x es igual a 0:
sustituimos x = 0 en sin(2*x + 1)^8/x.
$$\frac{\sin^{8}{\left(0 \cdot 2 + 1 \right)}}{0}$$
Resultado:
$$f{\left(0 \right)} = \tilde{\infty}$$
signof no cruza Y
Extremos de la función
Para hallar los extremos hay que resolver la ecuación
$$\frac{d}{d x} f{\left(x \right)} = 0$$
(la derivada es igual a cero),
y las raíces de esta ecuación serán los extremos de esta función:
$$\frac{d}{d x} f{\left(x \right)} = $$
primera derivada
$$\frac{16 \sin^{7}{\left(2 x + 1 \right)} \cos{\left(2 x + 1 \right)}}{x} - \frac{\sin^{8}{\left(2 x + 1 \right)}}{x^{2}} = 0$$
Resolvermos esta ecuación
Raíces de esta ecuación
$$x_{1} = -39.7690415814106$$
$$x_{2} = 44.2669893704748$$
$$x_{3} = -83.7521092873697$$
$$x_{4} = 92.180126112679$$
$$x_{5} = 74.1124038660448$$
$$x_{6} = -16.1985985143369$$
$$x_{7} = 49.7757257662834$$
$$x_{8} = 40.336793162601$$
$$x_{9} = 76.4601213216483$$
$$x_{10} = 54.4686723668636$$
$$x_{11} = -31.9197914147873$$
$$x_{12} = 27.7842773228085$$
$$x_{13} = 70.1886099012152$$
$$x_{14} = 88.249638354871$$
$$x_{15} = 15.9914072668152$$
$$x_{16} = -71.9707986653973$$
$$x_{17} = -99.4711782805252$$
$$x_{18} = -61.7605753228223$$
$$x_{19} = -79.8248230209888$$
$$x_{20} = -91.6107854724706$$
$$x_{21} = -93.9620488632621$$
$$x_{22} = -9.92833487169884$$
$$x_{23} = 59.9751375325493$$
$$x_{24} = 85.8988650413369$$
$$x_{25} = -68.0421030359746$$
$$x_{26} = -97.8925874929779$$
$$x_{27} = 78.0378906643915$$
$$x_{28} = -38.1900904311503$$
$$x_{29} = 41.9157442133507$$
$$x_{30} = 4.21402137509175$$
$$x_{31} = 26.2055546761109$$
$$x_{32} = -82.1730790172552$$
$$x_{33} = 56.0463169921838$$
$$x_{34} = 32.4772279170461$$
$$x_{35} = -47.6292673192466$$
$$x_{36} = 30.1294911842192$$
$$x_{37} = -60.1815810258627$$
$$x_{38} = -2.06736574465965$$
$$x_{39} = -17.777508108349$$
$$x_{40} = -24.0589560466668$$
$$x_{41} = 37.9836872856169$$
$$x_{42} = 66.2583722504124$$
$$x_{43} = -13.8495123959454$$
$$x_{44} = -5.99257254408229$$
$$x_{45} = 98.4515767826663$$
$$x_{46} = 100.029466114261$$
$$x_{47} = -63.3418850336411$$
$$x_{48} = -53.9110872390394$$
$$x_{49} = -75.9021061862936$$
$$x_{50} = -25.6377544056686$$
$$x_{51} = 93.7585737823487$$
$$x_{52} = -90.0336781637965$$
$$x_{53} = 8.13553870136171$$
$$x_{54} = 84.3198428328977$$
$$x_{55} = -55.4884078858686$$
$$x_{56} = 12.0631874938417$$
$$x_{57} = -96.3062821196124$$
$$x_{58} = -41.3517449056536$$
$$x_{59} = 79.6227585650116$$
$$x_{60} = -42.9209407951649$$
$$x_{61} = -49.9794590374976$$
$$x_{62} = -27.9878191636024$$
$$x_{63} = 52.121077382413$$
$$x_{64} = 62.3283170984472$$
$$x_{65} = -57.833525584199$$
$$x_{66} = 81.9664259031444$$
$$x_{67} = 63.9073065448004$$
$$x_{68} = 22.2751438331967$$
$$x_{69} = 96.1036489281767$$
$$x_{70} = 90.5939688866853$$
$$x_{71} = 48.1970842850461$$
$$x_{72} = -74.3150164941039$$
$$x_{73} = -77.479799595138$$
$$x_{74} = -35.8420454727256$$
$$x_{75} = -64.9083490646998$$
$$x_{76} = -46.0505290330457$$
$$x_{77} = -33.4970017468524$$
$$x_{78} = -91.6122792204312$$
$$x_{79} = -85.3311398318543$$
$$x_{80} = -69.620775460956$$
$$x_{81} = -14.6285220385696$$
$$x_{82} = 34.0547473579879$$
$$x_{83} = 18.3452698401653$$
$$x_{84} = 19.9241779101437$$
$$x_{85} = -3.64621911498531$$
$$x_{86} = 71.7671571612764$$
$$x_{87} = 68.6027670409628$$
Signos de extremos en los puntos:
(-39.76904158141065, -2.04736992557217e-24)

(44.26698937047478, 0.0225900166367254)

(-83.7521092873697, -2.21105461291369e-32)

(92.180126112679, 2.6433147377044e-20)

(74.11240386604479, 0.0134929796245852)

(-16.19859851433693, -9.34394416832983e-16)

(49.77572576628337, 6.23019252809181e-16)

(40.33679316260098, 3.47618151980688e-19)

(76.46012132164826, 1.31592365898015e-16)

(54.4686723668636, 2.40906721454624e-16)

(-31.919791414787305, -3.99238519887195e-19)

(27.784277322808464, 8.80045812691833e-16)

(70.18860990121516, 1.2832287376428e-20)

(88.24963835487101, 0.0113314684609724)

(15.991407266815209, 0.0625297626958592)

(-71.97079866539733, -0.0138944822347557)

(-99.47117828052522, -5.55217872132451e-16)

(-61.76057532282229, -1.19601560764386e-26)

(-79.82482302098884, -0.0125274007511097)

(-91.6107854724706, -5.58711720043359e-19)

(-93.9620488632621, -0.0106425758307417)

(-9.928334871698837, -6.6056896155952e-19)

(59.975137532549304, 0.0166735033428155)

(85.89886504133695, 1.29493111972596e-18)

(-68.04210303597458, -1.64878580212547e-21)

(-97.89258749297791, -2.98651298299217e-20)

(78.03789066439153, 6.2028378655372e-22)

(-38.1900904311503, -2.93965846685813e-16)

(41.915744213350685, 6.41984546558787e-19)

(4.2140213750917495, 3.06293995046942e-21)

(26.20555467611087, 2.67726954519918e-21)

(-82.17307901725518, -7.2193769344955e-17)

(56.046316992183776, 4.25956058279443e-21)

(32.477227917046115, 5.20465630337809e-16)

(-47.629267319246594, -3.75796201611612e-18)

(30.129491184219223, 0.033189501338378)

(-60.1815810258627, -1.36935625387709e-16)

(-2.0673657446596483, -2.37540662491414e-18)

(-17.777508108348954, -8.66511864804943e-23)

(-24.058956046666815, -6.77612742585817e-20)

(37.983687285616874, 0.0263268061002243)

(66.25837225041244, 0.0150923786226206)

(-13.84951239594544, -0.0721988265227307)

(-5.992572544082289, -0.166800653073985)

(98.45157678266634, 7.71830195807645e-17)

(100.02946611426103, 6.51714983801152e-23)

(-63.3418850336411, -4.14383873405849e-16)

(-53.91108723903943, -3.18803324057877e-19)

(-75.90210618629362, -1.74117756545954e-19)

(-25.637754405668616, -3.98296091022217e-18)

(93.75857378234872, 5.02891877571803e-16)

(-90.03367816379654, -2.10280399824959e-22)

(8.135538701361709, 0.122888477080844)

(84.31984283289775, 3.00939730588116e-20)

(-55.48840788586863, -7.00381066535669e-16)

(12.063187493841742, 2.23655238148007e-19)

(-96.30628211961239, -1.38588955793292e-15)

(-41.35174490565356, -1.36566785866734e-15)

(79.62275856501158, 1.52159198850622e-15)

(-42.920940795164874, -3.75949803953792e-16)

(-49.979459037497605, -0.0200080946081427)

(-27.98781916360241, -0.0357291165562022)

(52.121077382412984, 0.0191859857581803)

(62.328317098447194, 1.00368507968916e-19)

(-57.83352558419898, -0.0172909280277426)

(81.96642590314441, 0.0122000887963)

(63.90730654480042, 8.8633560505496e-19)

(22.275143833196726, 0.0448916746688043)

(96.10364892817674, 0.010405414564261)

(90.59396888668533, 1.40221639031e-15)

(48.19708428504606, 5.81062717119916e-21)

(-74.3150164941039, -1.9374169490801e-15)

(-77.47979959513805, -6.02001747531436e-16)

(-35.84204547272561, -0.02789985404233)

(-64.9083490646998, -4.39197113354359e-18)

(-46.0505290330457, -1.03976663154432e-20)

(-33.49700174685237, -9.51824931894044e-16)

(-91.61227922043123, -5.30189780391124e-18)

(-85.3311398318543, -5.77031401800756e-17)

(-69.62077546095601, -4.31472695975375e-18)

(-14.628522038569551, -5.45691565261464e-16)

(34.054747357987914, 2.61926303534964e-20)

(18.345269840165344, 1.58911968440939e-18)

(19.92417791014365, 5.89492466247743e-19)

(-3.6462191149853123, -1.47346276579505e-17)

(71.76715716127636, 5.37287813086988e-16)

(68.6027670409628, 1.91727709501533e-15)


Intervalos de crecimiento y decrecimiento de la función:
Hallemos los intervalos donde la función crece y decrece y también los puntos mínimos y máximos de la función, para lo cual miramos cómo se comporta la función en los extremos con desviación mínima del extremo:
Puntos mínimos de la función:
$$x_{1} = -71.9707986653973$$
$$x_{2} = -79.8248230209888$$
$$x_{3} = -93.9620488632621$$
$$x_{4} = -13.8495123959454$$
$$x_{5} = -5.99257254408229$$
$$x_{6} = -49.9794590374976$$
$$x_{7} = -27.9878191636024$$
$$x_{8} = -57.833525584199$$
$$x_{9} = -35.8420454727256$$
Puntos máximos de la función:
$$x_{9} = 44.2669893704748$$
$$x_{9} = 74.1124038660448$$
$$x_{9} = 88.249638354871$$
$$x_{9} = 15.9914072668152$$
$$x_{9} = 59.9751375325493$$
$$x_{9} = 30.1294911842192$$
$$x_{9} = 37.9836872856169$$
$$x_{9} = 66.2583722504124$$
$$x_{9} = 8.13553870136171$$
$$x_{9} = 52.121077382413$$
$$x_{9} = 81.9664259031444$$
$$x_{9} = 22.2751438331967$$
$$x_{9} = 96.1036489281767$$
Decrece en los intervalos
$$\left[-5.99257254408229, 8.13553870136171\right]$$
Crece en los intervalos
$$\left(-\infty, -93.9620488632621\right]$$
Puntos de flexiones
Hallemos los puntos de flexiones, para eso hay que resolver la ecuación
$$\frac{d^{2}}{d x^{2}} f{\left(x \right)} = 0$$
(la segunda derivada es igual a cero),
las raíces de la ecuación obtenida serán los puntos de flexión para el gráfico de la función indicado:
$$\frac{d^{2}}{d x^{2}} f{\left(x \right)} = $$
segunda derivada
$$\frac{2 \left(- 16 \sin^{2}{\left(2 x + 1 \right)} + 112 \cos^{2}{\left(2 x + 1 \right)} - \frac{16 \sin{\left(2 x + 1 \right)} \cos{\left(2 x + 1 \right)}}{x} + \frac{\sin^{2}{\left(2 x + 1 \right)}}{x^{2}}\right) \sin^{6}{\left(2 x + 1 \right)}}{x} = 0$$
Resolvermos esta ecuación
Raíces de esta ecuación
$$x_{1} = 31.8810251466497$$
$$x_{2} = -5.81181361942402$$
$$x_{3} = -65.8682560111894$$
$$x_{4} = 12.0645003620035$$
$$x_{5} = 88.0689544469536$$
$$x_{6} = -47.6268758159073$$
$$x_{7} = -17.77805413387$$
$$x_{8} = -24.0602316441611$$
$$x_{9} = 66.0776880746672$$
$$x_{10} = 70.1874060399061$$
$$x_{11} = -53.9103372583214$$
$$x_{12} = -46.0516221114031$$
$$x_{13} = 85.8966719980706$$
$$x_{14} = -39.7694195916574$$
$$x_{15} = 38.1643727131207$$
$$x_{16} = -90.034406763783$$
$$x_{17} = 7.35679011035367$$
$$x_{18} = -83.7521511651907$$
$$x_{19} = 26.2046741475496$$
$$x_{20} = 19.9225374775483$$
$$x_{21} = 92.1787805664853$$
$$x_{22} = 84.3212276595072$$
$$x_{23} = 48.1960389413519$$
$$x_{24} = 90.0011247701253$$
$$x_{25} = 22.0944548359114$$
$$x_{26} = 18.3471585730361$$
$$x_{27} = -91.6095502183051$$
$$x_{28} = 36.2321698721516$$
$$x_{29} = -14.0302099726304$$
$$x_{30} = -27.8071321596035$$
$$x_{31} = -43.8768687936668$$
$$x_{32} = -2.0688274402156$$
$$x_{33} = -87.8595236350033$$
$$x_{34} = 60.1558218429737$$
$$x_{35} = -25.6355314216225$$
$$x_{36} = -99.4643157968925$$
$$x_{37} = -7.74518286427396$$
$$x_{38} = 53.8725757459175$$
$$x_{39} = -26.5976438596002$$
$$x_{40} = -61.7607852791307$$
$$x_{41} = 14.2397015088219$$
$$x_{42} = -80.0055070055054$$
$$x_{43} = 56.0473142096494$$
$$x_{44} = 137.729270218678$$
$$x_{45} = -29.7393614699179$$
$$x_{46} = 40.338513614353$$
$$x_{47} = 62.3298696878929$$
$$x_{48} = -3.64416818202166$$
$$x_{49} = -93.7813649961376$$
$$x_{50} = 65.477259439363$$
$$x_{51} = 100.030103421995$$
$$x_{52} = 44.0863044331053$$
$$x_{53} = -58.0142099510687$$
$$x_{54} = 58.2236428399471$$
$$x_{55} = 34.0559148343214$$
$$x_{56} = -90.036381879809$$
$$x_{57} = -9.92693618279064$$
$$x_{58} = -49.7987743966485$$
$$x_{59} = 63.9052983467241$$
$$x_{60} = -21.8849998819882$$
$$x_{61} = 67.047860023559$$
$$x_{62} = 82.1471098658718$$
$$x_{63} = -96.3176846288348$$
$$x_{64} = 80.2149381484301$$
$$x_{65} = -36.0227311297403$$
$$x_{66} = -68.0430138335567$$
$$x_{67} = 4.21330824333771$$
$$x_{68} = -31.918486398718$$
$$x_{69} = -69.6182153620487$$
$$x_{70} = -64.8987061318351$$
$$x_{71} = -71.7901145832379$$
$$x_{72} = 96.2843327816804$$
$$x_{73} = 78.0387092477765$$
$$x_{74} = 16.1721013434242$$
$$x_{75} = 41.9139201353585$$
Además hay que calcular los límites de y'' para los argumentos tendientes a los puntos de indeterminación de la función:
Puntos donde hay indeterminación:
$$x_{1} = 0$$

$$\lim_{x \to 0^-}\left(\frac{2 \left(- 16 \sin^{2}{\left(2 x + 1 \right)} + 112 \cos^{2}{\left(2 x + 1 \right)} - \frac{16 \sin{\left(2 x + 1 \right)} \cos{\left(2 x + 1 \right)}}{x} + \frac{\sin^{2}{\left(2 x + 1 \right)}}{x^{2}}\right) \sin^{6}{\left(2 x + 1 \right)}}{x}\right) = -\infty$$
$$\lim_{x \to 0^+}\left(\frac{2 \left(- 16 \sin^{2}{\left(2 x + 1 \right)} + 112 \cos^{2}{\left(2 x + 1 \right)} - \frac{16 \sin{\left(2 x + 1 \right)} \cos{\left(2 x + 1 \right)}}{x} + \frac{\sin^{2}{\left(2 x + 1 \right)}}{x^{2}}\right) \sin^{6}{\left(2 x + 1 \right)}}{x}\right) = \infty$$
- los límites no son iguales, signo
$$x_{1} = 0$$
- es el punto de flexión

Intervalos de convexidad y concavidad:
Hallemos los intervales donde la función es convexa o cóncava, para eso veamos cómo se comporta la función en los puntos de flexiones:
Cóncava en los intervalos
$$\left[96.2843327816804, \infty\right)$$
Convexa en los intervalos
$$\left(-\infty, -87.8595236350033\right]$$
Asíntotas verticales
Hay:
$$x_{1} = 0$$
Asíntotas horizontales
Hallemos las asíntotas horizontales mediante los límites de esta función con x->+oo y x->-oo
$$\lim_{x \to -\infty}\left(\frac{\sin^{8}{\left(2 x + 1 \right)}}{x}\right) = 0$$
Tomamos como el límite
es decir,
ecuación de la asíntota horizontal a la izquierda:
$$y = 0$$
$$\lim_{x \to \infty}\left(\frac{\sin^{8}{\left(2 x + 1 \right)}}{x}\right) = 0$$
Tomamos como el límite
es decir,
ecuación de la asíntota horizontal a la derecha:
$$y = 0$$
Asíntotas inclinadas
Se puede hallar la asíntota inclinada calculando el límite de la función sin(2*x + 1)^8/x, dividida por x con x->+oo y x ->-oo
$$\lim_{x \to -\infty}\left(\frac{\sin^{8}{\left(2 x + 1 \right)}}{x^{2}}\right) = 0$$
Tomamos como el límite
es decir,
la inclinada coincide con la asíntota horizontal a la derecha
$$\lim_{x \to \infty}\left(\frac{\sin^{8}{\left(2 x + 1 \right)}}{x^{2}}\right) = 0$$
Tomamos como el límite
es decir,
la inclinada coincide con la asíntota horizontal a la izquierda
Paridad e imparidad de la función
Comprobemos si la función es par o impar mediante las relaciones f = f(-x) и f = -f(-x).
Pues, comprobamos:
$$\frac{\sin^{8}{\left(2 x + 1 \right)}}{x} = - \frac{\sin^{8}{\left(2 x - 1 \right)}}{x}$$
- No
$$\frac{\sin^{8}{\left(2 x + 1 \right)}}{x} = \frac{\sin^{8}{\left(2 x - 1 \right)}}{x}$$
- No
es decir, función
no es
par ni impar