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Gráfico de la función y = (x-2)*cos(x)-1

v

Gráfico:

interior superior

Puntos de intersección:

mostrar?

Definida a trozos:

Solución

Ha introducido [src]
f(x) = (x - 2)*cos(x) - 1
f(x)=(x2)cos(x)1f{\left(x \right)} = \left(x - 2\right) \cos{\left(x \right)} - 1
f = (x - 2)*cos(x) - 1
Gráfico de la función
02468-8-6-4-2-1010-2020
Puntos de cruce con el eje de coordenadas X
El gráfico de la función cruce el eje X con f = 0
o sea hay que resolver la ecuación:
(x2)cos(x)1=0\left(x - 2\right) \cos{\left(x \right)} - 1 = 0
Resolvermos esta ecuación
Puntos de cruce con el eje X:

Solución numérica
x1=36.1020672071621x_{1} = -36.1020672071621
x2=29.8136920237823x_{2} = -29.8136920237823
x3=54.99674164227x_{3} = 54.99674164227
x4=17.3439779664159x_{4} = 17.3439779664159
x5=70.6712720609268x_{5} = 70.6712720609268
x6=54.9603144529966x_{6} = -54.9603144529966
x7=83.2398957861884x_{7} = 83.2398957861884
x8=20.3658765051196x_{8} = 20.3658765051196
x9=33.0152857021933x_{9} = -33.0152857021933
x10=36.1575957651034x_{10} = 36.1575957651034
x11=11.105618557374x_{11} = 11.105618557374
x12=95.8287980514462x_{12} = -95.8287980514462
x13=45.5741148592996x_{13} = -45.5741148592996
x14=7.67690537223213x_{14} = 7.67690537223213
x15=51.854848281784x_{15} = -51.854848281784
x16=80.1234132760863x_{16} = 80.1234132760863
x17=7.95460735922755x_{17} = -7.95460735922755
x18=114.659255415931x_{18} = 114.659255415931
x19=20.464880886083x_{19} = -20.464880886083
x20=14.0541122469744x_{20} = 14.0541122469744
x21=10.9180859158898x_{21} = -10.9180859158898
x22=86.3824832731094x_{22} = -86.3824832731094
x23=58.1016383560005x_{23} = 58.1016383560005
x24=67.5594959641677x_{24} = 67.5594959641677
x25=58.13609380627x_{25} = -58.13609380627
x26=39.2430542982617x_{26} = 39.2430542982617
x27=80.0984318647099x_{27} = -80.0984318647099
x28=92.6880103203354x_{28} = 92.6880103203354
x29=64.386619633992x_{29} = 64.386619633992
x30=14.1989386573065x_{30} = -14.1989386573065
x31=67.5298592461575x_{31} = -67.5298592461575
x32=17.2267251792801x_{32} = -17.2267251792801
x33=76.9556783997672x_{33} = 76.9556783997672
x34=26.6629798364534x_{34} = 26.6629798364534
x35=42.3889707988334x_{35} = -42.3889707988334
x36=39.2941270561176x_{36} = -39.2941270561176
x37=48.6749512342163x_{37} = -48.6749512342163
x38=45.5301188561712x_{38} = 45.5301188561712
x39=42.4362336402772x_{39} = 42.4362336402772
x40=51.8162036460538x_{40} = 51.8162036460538
x41=61.2779272309279x_{41} = 61.2779272309279
x42=61.2452446206625x_{42} = -61.2452446206625
x43=1.83462794472422x_{43} = -1.83462794472422
x44=95.8079156513603x_{44} = 95.8079156513603
x45=26.7383413008481x_{45} = -26.7383413008481
x46=98.950262557824x_{46} = -98.950262557824
x47=98.9704811874688x_{47} = 98.9704811874688
x48=92.6664196765929x_{48} = -92.6664196765929
x49=86.4056457996091x_{49} = 86.4056457996091
x50=4.55933773490524x_{50} = -4.55933773490524
x51=29.8810046168397x_{51} = 29.8810046168397
x52=48.7160936650918x_{52} = 48.7160936650918
x53=23.5227541458611x_{53} = -23.5227541458611
x54=89.5239649365421x_{54} = 89.5239649365421
x55=73.8413473696577x_{55} = 73.8413473696577
x56=70.6995903752582x_{56} = -70.6995903752582
x57=23.6082400788061x_{57} = 23.6082400788061
x58=32.9544116679545x_{58} = 32.9544116679545
x59=76.9816815149623x_{59} = -76.9816815149623
x60=73.8142368421099x_{60} = -73.8142368421099
x61=83.2639338773448x_{61} = -83.2639338773448
x62=5.04680031697879x_{62} = 5.04680031697879
x63=64.4177061935755x_{63} = -64.4177061935755
x64=89.5463142772218x_{64} = -89.5463142772218
Puntos de cruce con el eje de coordenadas Y
El gráfico cruce el eje Y cuando x es igual a 0:
sustituimos x = 0 en (x - 2)*cos(x) - 1.
2cos(0)1- 2 \cos{\left(0 \right)} - 1
Resultado:
f(0)=3f{\left(0 \right)} = -3
Punto:
(0, -3)
Extremos de la función
Para hallar los extremos hay que resolver la ecuación
ddxf(x)=0\frac{d}{d x} f{\left(x \right)} = 0
(la derivada es igual a cero),
y las raíces de esta ecuación serán los extremos de esta función:
ddxf(x)=\frac{d}{d x} f{\left(x \right)} =
primera derivada
(x2)sin(x)+cos(x)=0- \left(x - 2\right) \sin{\left(x \right)} + \cos{\left(x \right)} = 0
Resolvermos esta ecuación
Raíces de esta ecuación
x1=34.5881955213684x_{1} = 34.5881955213684
x2=47.1460365210195x_{2} = 47.1460365210195
x3=37.72428004861x_{3} = -37.72428004861
x4=12.6345957962324x_{4} = -12.6345957962324
x5=44.0060987215772x_{5} = 44.0060987215772
x6=72.2700945885545x_{6} = -72.2700945885545
x7=75.4111410048686x_{7} = -75.4111410048686
x8=65.9881531096995x_{8} = -65.9881531096995
x9=40.8640298498727x_{9} = -40.8640298498727
x10=69.1299337614882x_{10} = 69.1299337614882
x11=22.041004922887x_{11} = 22.041004922887
x12=100.54071682934x_{12} = -100.54071682934
x13=97.3998540737208x_{13} = 97.3998540737208
x14=22.0327344991331x_{14} = -22.0327344991331
x15=12.6599063318801x_{15} = 12.6599063318801
x16=28.307317248383x_{16} = -28.307317248383
x17=56.5669918107247x_{17} = 56.5669918107247
x18=3.3271508114264x_{18} = -3.3271508114264
x19=9.55635238563905x_{19} = 9.55635238563905
x20=87.9757079538691x_{20} = -87.9757079538691
x21=31.4498695022248x_{21} = 31.4498695022248
x22=50.2846062141866x_{22} = -50.2846062141866
x23=50.2861893528066x_{23} = 50.2861893528066
x24=91.1174076354308x_{24} = 91.1174076354308
x25=94.2586182790224x_{25} = 94.2586182790224
x26=56.565740934319x_{26} = -56.565740934319
x27=78.5522300076593x_{27} = -78.5522300076593
x28=84.8350732415513x_{28} = 84.8350732415513
x29=84.8345172956245x_{29} = -84.8345172956245
x30=34.5848461068827x_{30} = -34.5848461068827
x31=59.7064647571766x_{31} = -59.7064647571766
x32=81.6939563377856x_{32} = 81.6939563377856
x33=47.1442352627113x_{33} = -47.1442352627113
x34=9.51143060086678x_{34} = -9.51143060086678
x35=75.4118446237714x_{35} = 75.4118446237714
x36=37.7270944985589x_{36} = 37.7270944985589
x37=40.8664279674596x_{37} = 40.8664279674596
x38=28.3123206099473x_{38} = 28.3123206099473
x39=91.1169257274417x_{39} = -91.1169257274417
x40=15.7804031090056x_{40} = 15.7804031090056
x41=25.1695305580579x_{41} = -25.1695305580579
x42=1.78375866918844x_{42} = 1.78375866918844
x43=31.4458167365799x_{43} = -31.4458167365799
x44=62.8482859091507x_{44} = 62.8482859091507
x45=6.40165218273828x_{45} = -6.40165218273828
x46=97.3994323415189x_{46} = -97.3994323415189
x47=15.7641969219382x_{47} = -15.7641969219382
x48=18.9086285150365x_{48} = 18.9086285150365
x49=3.67881386877315x_{49} = 3.67881386877315
x50=53.4265178816223x_{50} = 53.4265178816223
x51=18.8973723517571x_{51} = -18.8973723517571
x52=65.9890721217494x_{52} = 65.9890721217494
x53=87.9762248985139x_{53} = 87.9762248985139
x54=94.2581679627629x_{54} = -94.2581679627629
x55=0.395463310223558x_{55} = -0.395463310223558
x56=59.707587427833x_{56} = 59.707587427833
x57=72.2708607217157x_{57} = 72.2708607217157
x58=69.1290963970556x_{58} = -69.1290963970556
x59=81.6933568044194x_{59} = -81.6933568044194
x60=53.4251155156868x_{60} = -53.4251155156868
x61=78.5528784628996x_{61} = 78.5528784628996
x62=6.50177094567593x_{62} = 6.50177094567593
x63=100.541112615137x_{63} = 100.541112615137
x64=62.8472726985923x_{64} = -62.8472726985923
x65=25.1758628206516x_{65} = 25.1758628206516
x66=44.0040309531782x_{66} = -44.0040309531782
Signos de extremos en los puntos:
(34.58819552136843, -33.5728633693928)

(47.14603652101946, -46.1349654254229)

(-37.72428004860999, -40.7116992671584)

(-12.634595796232404, -15.6005493587407)

(44.00609872157723, 40.99420074504)

(-72.27009458855454, 73.2633633189962)

(-75.4111410048686, -78.4046827945409)

(-65.98815310969954, 66.9808000803132)

(-40.86402984987269, 41.8523698171316)

(69.1299337614882, 66.1224867587443)

(22.041004922886987, -21.0161025655791)

(-100.54071682933989, -103.535841065316)

(97.39985407372076, -96.3946134074225)

(-22.032734499133085, 23.0119565195799)

(12.659906331880052, 9.61330893030344)

(-28.30731724838301, 29.2908330407422)

(56.56699181072473, 53.5578310694696)

(-3.327150811426404, 4.23570188454047)

(9.556352385639048, -8.4910395497374)

(-87.97570795386915, -90.9701514131668)

(31.449869502224804, 28.4329061660693)

(-50.284606214186574, -53.2750457928642)

(50.286189352806645, 47.2758377548162)

(91.11740763543084, -90.1117975890844)

(94.25861827902244, 91.2531992086267)

(-56.565740934318995, -59.5572053862765)

(-78.55223000765935, 79.5460235722291)

(84.83507324155133, -83.8290378107188)

(-84.83451729562454, 85.8287597894178)

(-34.58484610688265, 35.5711868995092)

(-59.70646475717664, 60.6983634741336)

(81.69395633778561, 78.6876830771009)

(-47.144235262711305, 48.1340642877963)

(-9.511430600866776, 10.4682398119322)

(75.41184462377139, 72.4050346814387)

(37.72709449855892, 34.7131077355865)

(40.86642796745955, -39.8535697780878)

(28.312320609947253, -27.2933386654907)

(-91.11692572744167, 92.1115565987741)

(15.780403109005595, -14.7442623739808)

(-25.169530558057946, -28.151146266585)

(1.7837586691884353, -0.954296044655501)

(-31.44581673657989, -34.4308771996032)

(62.84828590915069, 59.840070414946)

(-6.401652182738283, -9.34276502535275)

(-97.39943234151892, 98.3944025135118)

(-15.764196921938192, 16.7361171391436)

(18.908628515036522, 15.8791351607143)

(3.6788138687731515, -2.4423261437596)

(53.42651788162232, -52.4167980275174)

(-18.897372351757102, -21.8734869122759)

(65.98907212174937, -64.9812597185053)

(87.97622489851388, 84.9704099272799)

(-94.25816796276293, -97.2529740187882)

(-0.3954633102235576, -3.2105770915696)

(59.70758742783301, -58.6989250067643)

(72.27086072171569, -71.2637464774058)

(-69.1290963970556, -72.1220679668166)

(-81.69335680441941, -84.6873832541994)

(-53.42511551568677, 54.416096536549)

(78.55287846289957, -77.5463478656221)

(6.5017709456759265, 3.3946518854198)

(100.5411126151373, 97.5360389827065)

(-62.84727269859232, -65.8395636489917)

(25.175862820651595, 22.1543187289346)

(-44.00403095317819, -46.9931661904766)


Intervalos de crecimiento y decrecimiento de la función:
Hallemos los intervalos donde la función crece y decrece y también los puntos mínimos y máximos de la función, para lo cual miramos cómo se comporta la función en los extremos con desviación mínima del extremo:
Puntos mínimos de la función:
x1=34.5881955213684x_{1} = 34.5881955213684
x2=47.1460365210195x_{2} = 47.1460365210195
x3=37.72428004861x_{3} = -37.72428004861
x4=12.6345957962324x_{4} = -12.6345957962324
x5=75.4111410048686x_{5} = -75.4111410048686
x6=22.041004922887x_{6} = 22.041004922887
x7=100.54071682934x_{7} = -100.54071682934
x8=97.3998540737208x_{8} = 97.3998540737208
x9=9.55635238563905x_{9} = 9.55635238563905
x10=87.9757079538691x_{10} = -87.9757079538691
x11=50.2846062141866x_{11} = -50.2846062141866
x12=91.1174076354308x_{12} = 91.1174076354308
x13=56.565740934319x_{13} = -56.565740934319
x14=84.8350732415513x_{14} = 84.8350732415513
x15=40.8664279674596x_{15} = 40.8664279674596
x16=28.3123206099473x_{16} = 28.3123206099473
x17=15.7804031090056x_{17} = 15.7804031090056
x18=25.1695305580579x_{18} = -25.1695305580579
x19=31.4458167365799x_{19} = -31.4458167365799
x20=6.40165218273828x_{20} = -6.40165218273828
x21=3.67881386877315x_{21} = 3.67881386877315
x22=53.4265178816223x_{22} = 53.4265178816223
x23=18.8973723517571x_{23} = -18.8973723517571
x24=65.9890721217494x_{24} = 65.9890721217494
x25=94.2581679627629x_{25} = -94.2581679627629
x26=0.395463310223558x_{26} = -0.395463310223558
x27=59.707587427833x_{27} = 59.707587427833
x28=72.2708607217157x_{28} = 72.2708607217157
x29=69.1290963970556x_{29} = -69.1290963970556
x30=81.6933568044194x_{30} = -81.6933568044194
x31=78.5528784628996x_{31} = 78.5528784628996
x32=62.8472726985923x_{32} = -62.8472726985923
x33=44.0040309531782x_{33} = -44.0040309531782
Puntos máximos de la función:
x33=44.0060987215772x_{33} = 44.0060987215772
x33=72.2700945885545x_{33} = -72.2700945885545
x33=65.9881531096995x_{33} = -65.9881531096995
x33=40.8640298498727x_{33} = -40.8640298498727
x33=69.1299337614882x_{33} = 69.1299337614882
x33=22.0327344991331x_{33} = -22.0327344991331
x33=12.6599063318801x_{33} = 12.6599063318801
x33=28.307317248383x_{33} = -28.307317248383
x33=56.5669918107247x_{33} = 56.5669918107247
x33=3.3271508114264x_{33} = -3.3271508114264
x33=31.4498695022248x_{33} = 31.4498695022248
x33=50.2861893528066x_{33} = 50.2861893528066
x33=94.2586182790224x_{33} = 94.2586182790224
x33=78.5522300076593x_{33} = -78.5522300076593
x33=84.8345172956245x_{33} = -84.8345172956245
x33=34.5848461068827x_{33} = -34.5848461068827
x33=59.7064647571766x_{33} = -59.7064647571766
x33=81.6939563377856x_{33} = 81.6939563377856
x33=47.1442352627113x_{33} = -47.1442352627113
x33=9.51143060086678x_{33} = -9.51143060086678
x33=75.4118446237714x_{33} = 75.4118446237714
x33=37.7270944985589x_{33} = 37.7270944985589
x33=91.1169257274417x_{33} = -91.1169257274417
x33=1.78375866918844x_{33} = 1.78375866918844
x33=62.8482859091507x_{33} = 62.8482859091507
x33=97.3994323415189x_{33} = -97.3994323415189
x33=15.7641969219382x_{33} = -15.7641969219382
x33=18.9086285150365x_{33} = 18.9086285150365
x33=87.9762248985139x_{33} = 87.9762248985139
x33=53.4251155156868x_{33} = -53.4251155156868
x33=6.50177094567593x_{33} = 6.50177094567593
x33=100.541112615137x_{33} = 100.541112615137
x33=25.1758628206516x_{33} = 25.1758628206516
Decrece en los intervalos
[97.3998540737208,)\left[97.3998540737208, \infty\right)
Crece en los intervalos
(,100.54071682934]\left(-\infty, -100.54071682934\right]
Puntos de flexiones
Hallemos los puntos de flexiones, para eso hay que resolver la ecuación
d2dx2f(x)=0\frac{d^{2}}{d x^{2}} f{\left(x \right)} = 0
(la segunda derivada es igual a cero),
las raíces de la ecuación obtenida serán los puntos de flexión para el gráfico de la función indicado:
d2dx2f(x)=\frac{d^{2}}{d x^{2}} f{\left(x \right)} =
segunda derivada
((x2)cos(x)+2sin(x))=0- (\left(x - 2\right) \cos{\left(x \right)} + 2 \sin{\left(x \right)}) = 0
Resolvermos esta ecuación
Raíces de esta ecuación
x1=5.26235219013221x_{1} = 5.26235219013221
x2=86.4174853166716x_{2} = 86.4174853166716
x3=33.0510440844576x_{3} = 33.0510440844576
x4=26.7840600984633x_{4} = 26.7840600984633
x5=39.3182751496891x_{5} = -39.3182751496891
x6=14.2595567375467x_{6} = -14.2595567375467
x7=48.7340869568457x_{7} = -48.7340869568457
x8=2.77284537209289x_{8} = 2.77284537209289
x9=61.2947737477879x_{9} = 61.2947737477879
x10=80.1362034081296x_{10} = 80.1362034081296
x11=58.1550647091465x_{11} = 58.1550647091465
x12=89.5582285981617x_{12} = 89.5582285981617
x13=70.7149322462641x_{13} = 70.7149322462641
x14=92.6980998895678x_{14} = -92.6980998895678
x15=17.3815863752687x_{15} = -17.3815863752687
x16=55.0155783175925x_{16} = 55.0155783175925
x17=29.9166498508874x_{17} = 29.9166498508874
x18=20.5278813114349x_{18} = 20.5278813114349
x19=39.3234425941623x_{19} = 39.3234425941623
x20=73.8552539086152x_{20} = 73.8552539086152
x21=51.8733858256783x_{21} = -51.8733858256783
x22=83.2768076209184x_{22} = 83.2768076209184
x23=11.2094225756085x_{23} = 11.2094225756085
x24=23.6397910260268x_{24} = -23.6397910260268
x25=45.5989340221208x_{25} = 45.5989340221208
x26=14.2983787387079x_{26} = 14.2983787387079
x27=20.5089729732221x_{27} = -20.5089729732221
x28=98.9799719065761x_{28} = -98.9799719065761
x29=83.2756543740143x_{29} = -83.2756543740143
x30=0.608027193185354x_{30} = 0.608027193185354
x31=36.1867511072071x_{31} = 36.1867511072071
x32=92.6990306602037x_{32} = 92.6990306602037
x33=70.7133330445908x_{33} = -70.7133330445908
x34=51.8763564725917x_{34} = 51.8763564725917
x35=98.9807883064615x_{35} = 98.9807883064615
x36=42.4564583490925x_{36} = -42.4564583490925
x37=33.0437325659006x_{37} = -33.0437325659006
x38=64.434671931312x_{38} = 64.434671931312
x39=4.9910276214054x_{39} = -4.9910276214054
x40=67.5747321530437x_{40} = 67.5747321530437
x41=80.1349580232743x_{41} = -80.1349580232743
x42=42.4608910721214x_{42} = 42.4608910721214
x43=48.7374522733982x_{43} = 48.7374522733982
x44=17.4078418827344x_{44} = 17.4078418827344
x45=61.2926454818648x_{45} = -61.2926454818648
x46=11.1465478761417x_{46} = -11.1465478761417
x47=36.1806502383284x_{47} = -36.1806502383284
x48=86.4164143510368x_{48} = -86.4164143510368
x49=23.6540450996506x_{49} = 23.6540450996506
x50=8.05041240154693x_{50} = -8.05041240154693
x51=76.9956818956478x_{51} = 76.9956818956478
x52=58.1527005626759x_{52} = -58.1527005626759
x53=64.4327459431059x_{53} = -64.4327459431059
x54=95.8390148309423x_{54} = -95.8390148309423
x55=76.9943328771542x_{55} = -76.9943328771542
x56=89.5572314141665x_{56} = -89.5572314141665
x57=55.0129368163814x_{57} = -55.0129368163814
x58=45.5950899112457x_{58} = -45.5950899112457
x59=2.03133041409497x_{59} = -2.03133041409497
x60=73.8537877665334x_{60} = -73.8537877665334
x61=67.5729809293653x_{61} = -67.5729809293653
x62=8.16755979017863x_{62} = 8.16755979017863
x63=29.9077290516588x_{63} = -29.9077290516588
x64=26.7729356960137x_{64} = -26.7729356960137
x65=95.8398856072694x_{65} = 95.8398856072694

Intervalos de convexidad y concavidad:
Hallemos los intervales donde la función es convexa o cóncava, para eso veamos cómo se comporta la función en los puntos de flexiones:
Cóncava en los intervalos
[95.8398856072694,)\left[95.8398856072694, \infty\right)
Convexa en los intervalos
(,95.8390148309423]\left(-\infty, -95.8390148309423\right]
Asíntotas horizontales
Hallemos las asíntotas horizontales mediante los límites de esta función con x->+oo y x->-oo
limx((x2)cos(x)1)=,\lim_{x \to -\infty}\left(\left(x - 2\right) \cos{\left(x \right)} - 1\right) = \left\langle -\infty, \infty\right\rangle
Tomamos como el límite
es decir,
ecuación de la asíntota horizontal a la izquierda:
y=,y = \left\langle -\infty, \infty\right\rangle
limx((x2)cos(x)1)=,\lim_{x \to \infty}\left(\left(x - 2\right) \cos{\left(x \right)} - 1\right) = \left\langle -\infty, \infty\right\rangle
Tomamos como el límite
es decir,
ecuación de la asíntota horizontal a la derecha:
y=,y = \left\langle -\infty, \infty\right\rangle
Asíntotas inclinadas
Se puede hallar la asíntota inclinada calculando el límite de la función (x - 2)*cos(x) - 1, dividida por x con x->+oo y x ->-oo
True

Tomamos como el límite
es decir,
ecuación de la asíntota inclinada a la izquierda:
y=xlimx((x2)cos(x)1x)y = x \lim_{x \to -\infty}\left(\frac{\left(x - 2\right) \cos{\left(x \right)} - 1}{x}\right)
True

Tomamos como el límite
es decir,
ecuación de la asíntota inclinada a la derecha:
y=xlimx((x2)cos(x)1x)y = x \lim_{x \to \infty}\left(\frac{\left(x - 2\right) \cos{\left(x \right)} - 1}{x}\right)
Paridad e imparidad de la función
Comprobemos si la función es par o impar mediante las relaciones f = f(-x) и f = -f(-x).
Pues, comprobamos:
(x2)cos(x)1=(x2)cos(x)1\left(x - 2\right) \cos{\left(x \right)} - 1 = \left(- x - 2\right) \cos{\left(x \right)} - 1
- No
(x2)cos(x)1=(x2)cos(x)+1\left(x - 2\right) \cos{\left(x \right)} - 1 = - \left(- x - 2\right) \cos{\left(x \right)} + 1
- No
es decir, función
no es
par ni impar