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Gráfico de la función y = acos(x)/(x^2-pi/4)

v

Gráfico:

interior superior

Puntos de intersección:

mostrar?

Definida a trozos:

Solución

Ha introducido [src]
       acos(x)
f(x) = -------
        2   pi
       x  - --
            4 
f(x)=acos(x)x2π4f{\left(x \right)} = \frac{\operatorname{acos}{\left(x \right)}}{x^{2} - \frac{\pi}{4}}
f = acos(x)/(x^2 - pi/4)
Gráfico de la función
02468-8-6-4-2-1010-100100
Dominio de definición de la función
Puntos en los que la función no está definida exactamente:
x1=0.886226925452758x_{1} = -0.886226925452758
x2=0.886226925452758x_{2} = 0.886226925452758
Puntos de cruce con el eje de coordenadas X
El gráfico de la función cruce el eje X con f = 0
o sea hay que resolver la ecuación:
acos(x)x2π4=0\frac{\operatorname{acos}{\left(x \right)}}{x^{2} - \frac{\pi}{4}} = 0
Resolvermos esta ecuación
Puntos de cruce con el eje X:

Solución analítica
x1=1x_{1} = 1
Solución numérica
x1=1x_{1} = 1
Puntos de cruce con el eje de coordenadas Y
El gráfico cruce el eje Y cuando x es igual a 0:
sustituimos x = 0 en acos(x)/(x^2 - pi/4).
acos(0)π4+02\frac{\operatorname{acos}{\left(0 \right)}}{- \frac{\pi}{4} + 0^{2}}
Resultado:
f(0)=2f{\left(0 \right)} = -2
Punto:
(0, -2)
Extremos de la función
Para hallar los extremos hay que resolver la ecuación
ddxf(x)=0\frac{d}{d x} f{\left(x \right)} = 0
(la derivada es igual a cero),
y las raíces de esta ecuación serán los extremos de esta función:
ddxf(x)=\frac{d}{d x} f{\left(x \right)} =
primera derivada
2xacos(x)(x2π4)211x2(x2π4)=0- \frac{2 x \operatorname{acos}{\left(x \right)}}{\left(x^{2} - \frac{\pi}{4}\right)^{2}} - \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - x^{2}} \left(x^{2} - \frac{\pi}{4}\right)} = 0
Resolvermos esta ecuación
Raíces de esta ecuación
x1=0.286723089003001x_{1} = 0.286723089003001
x2=54401.3001485311x_{2} = 54401.3001485311
x3=25893.1952885801x_{3} = 25893.1952885801
x4=42855.7937144103x_{4} = 42855.7937144103
x5=50211.3347773049x_{5} = 50211.3347773049
x6=28028.4191271389x_{6} = 28028.4191271389
x7=32284.2050551869x_{7} = 32284.2050551869
x8=29094.1075178569x_{8} = 29094.1075178569
x9=30158.5977992834x_{9} = 30158.5977992834
x10=48112.9219456125x_{10} = 48112.9219456125
x11=26961.4709469126x_{11} = 26961.4709469126
x12=34405.6396713451x_{12} = 34405.6396713451
x13=40748.0796499256x_{13} = 40748.0796499256
x14=39693.0875453969x_{14} = 39693.0875453969
x15=36523.2415021615x_{15} = 36523.2415021615
x16=38637.3033072683x_{16} = 38637.3033072683
x17=52307.4204570503x_{17} = 52307.4204570503
x18=44960.6426129852x_{18} = 44960.6426129852
x19=37580.6981909261x_{19} = 37580.6981909261
x20=41802.3065901391x_{20} = 41802.3065901391
x21=35464.9003998045x_{21} = 35464.9003998045
x22=31221.9463862449x_{22} = 31221.9463862449
x23=46012.0481428697x_{23} = 46012.0481428697
x24=33345.4214768156x_{24} = 33345.4214768156
x25=43908.5648874943x_{25} = 43908.5648874943
x26=51259.6606627983x_{26} = 51259.6606627983
x27=47062.8015758186x_{27} = 47062.8015758186
x28=49162.4273008985x_{28} = 49162.4273008985
x29=53354.6289254772x_{29} = 53354.6289254772
Signos de extremos en los puntos:
                          1.27999177531284    
(0.28672308900300064, -----------------------)
                                           pi 
                      0.0822101297674226 - -- 
                                           4  

                      11.5972905128231*I  
(54401.30014853106, ---------------------)
                                       pi 
                    2959501457.85057 - -- 
                                       4  

                       10.8548826631844*I  
(25893.195288580147, ---------------------)
                                        pi 
                     670457562.252549 - -- 
                                        4  

                       11.3587433045143*I  
(42855.793714410305, ---------------------)
                                        pi 
                     1836619054.89209 - -- 
                                        4  

                       11.5171432530299*I  
(50211.334777304866, ---------------------)
                                        pi 
                     2521178140.11859 - -- 
                                        4  

                       10.9341214234928*I  
(28028.419127138866, ---------------------)
                                        pi 
                     785592278.766564 - -- 
                                        4  

                       11.0754805623483*I  
(32284.205055186863, ---------------------)
                                        pi 
                     1042269896.04535 - -- 
                                        4  

                       10.9714381221249*I  
(29094.107517856857, ---------------------)
                                        pi 
                     846467092.260615 - -- 
                                        4  

                        11.00737250926*I   
(30158.597799283412, ---------------------)
                                        pi 
                     909541021.218942 - -- 
                                        4  

                     11.4744532479844*I  
(48112.92194561252, --------------------)
                                      pi 
                    2314853258.1446 - -- 
                                      4  

                       10.8953113040993*I  
(26961.470946912636, ---------------------)
                                        pi 
                     726920915.621214 - -- 
                                        4  

                      11.1391229542074*I  
(34405.63967134506, ---------------------)
                                       pi 
                    1183748041.19443 - -- 
                                       4  

                      11.3083111728128*I  
(40748.07964992563, ---------------------)
                                       pi 
                    1660405995.15668 - -- 
                                       4  

                       11.282079514672*I   
(39693.087545396855, ---------------------)
                                        pi 
                     1575541198.88654 - -- 
                                        4  

                      11.1988512707855*I  
(36523.24150216149, ---------------------)
                                       pi 
                    1333947169.82521 - -- 
                                       4  

                      11.2551206760989*I  
(38637.30330726833, ---------------------)
                                       pi 
                    1492841206.85785 - -- 
                                       4  

                      11.5580407030012*I  
(52307.42045705033, ---------------------)
                                       pi 
                    2736066234.87065 - -- 
                                       4  

                     11.4066899578951*I  
(44960.6426129852, ---------------------)
                                      pi 
                   2021459384.17258 - -- 
                                      4  

                       11.2273930319677*I  
(37580.698190926116, ---------------------)
                                        pi 
                     1412308876.51748 - -- 
                                        4  

                      11.3338539789896*I  
(41802.30659013909, ---------------------)
                                       pi 
                    1747432836.25599 - -- 
                                       4  

                       11.1694459455853*I  
(35464.900399804465, ---------------------)
                                        pi 
                     1257759160.36805 - -- 
                                        4  

                       11.0420237166399*I  
(31221.946386244865, ---------------------)
                                        pi 
                     974809936.145549 - -- 
                                        4  

                      11.4298057377684*I  
(46012.04814286972, ---------------------)
                                       pi 
                    2117108574.30176 - -- 
                                       4  

                      11.1078229352021*I  
(33345.42147681561, ---------------------)
                                       pi 
                    1111917133.46648 - -- 
                                       4  

                     11.3830118604069*I  
(43908.56488749434, --------------------)
                                      pi 
                    1927962070.4793 - -- 
                                      4  

                      11.537806560439*I   
(51259.66066279826, ---------------------)
                                       pi 
                    2627552811.26523 - -- 
                                       4  

                      11.4523853729543*I  
(47062.80157581863, ---------------------)
                                       pi 
                    2214907292.16488 - -- 
                                       4  

                      11.4960321184444*I  
(49162.42730089854, ---------------------)
                                       pi 
                    2416944258.11613 - -- 
                                       4  

                       11.5778631986767*I  
(53354.628925477205, ---------------------)
                                        pi 
                     2846716427.77537 - -- 
                                        4  


Intervalos de crecimiento y decrecimiento de la función:
Hallemos los intervalos donde la función crece y decrece y también los puntos mínimos y máximos de la función, para lo cual miramos cómo se comporta la función en los extremos con desviación mínima del extremo:
La función no tiene puntos mínimos
Puntos máximos de la función:
x29=0.286723089003001x_{29} = 0.286723089003001
Decrece en los intervalos
(,0.286723089003001]\left(-\infty, 0.286723089003001\right]
Crece en los intervalos
[0.286723089003001,)\left[0.286723089003001, \infty\right)
Puntos de flexiones
Hallemos los puntos de flexiones, para eso hay que resolver la ecuación
d2dx2f(x)=0\frac{d^{2}}{d x^{2}} f{\left(x \right)} = 0
(la segunda derivada es igual a cero),
las raíces de la ecuación obtenida serán los puntos de flexión para el gráfico de la función indicado:
d2dx2f(x)=\frac{d^{2}}{d x^{2}} f{\left(x \right)} =
segunda derivada
4(16x1x2(4x2π)x(1x2)32+8(16x24x2π1)acos(x)4x2π)4x2π=0\frac{4 \left(\frac{16 x}{\sqrt{1 - x^{2}} \left(4 x^{2} - \pi\right)} - \frac{x}{\left(1 - x^{2}\right)^{\frac{3}{2}}} + \frac{8 \left(\frac{16 x^{2}}{4 x^{2} - \pi} - 1\right) \operatorname{acos}{\left(x \right)}}{4 x^{2} - \pi}\right)}{4 x^{2} - \pi} = 0
Resolvermos esta ecuación
Raíces de esta ecuación
x1=6611.11450768861x_{1} = 6611.11450768861
x2=7119.27916465511x_{2} = 7119.27916465511
x3=7880.04472299826x_{3} = 7880.04472299826
x4=5592.02270333959x_{4} = 5592.02270333959
x5=11663.4000963191x_{5} = 11663.4000963191
x6=8386.33368870474x_{6} = 8386.33368870474
x7=3538.87410033858x_{7} = 3538.87410033858
x8=9397.0282946683x_{8} = 9397.0282946683
x9=4824.82376811952x_{9} = 4824.82376811952
x10=6102.06310938474x_{10} = 6102.06310938474
x11=4054.53230327321x_{11} = 4054.53230327321
x12=3021.08116145156x_{12} = 3021.08116145156
x13=5336.59341967267x_{13} = 5336.59341967267
x14=4568.43882375578x_{14} = 4568.43882375578
x15=8133.27298795849x_{15} = 8133.27298795849
x16=8891.97877514491x_{16} = 8891.97877514491
x17=9901.5243692417x_{17} = 9901.5243692417
x18=7373.05596443826x_{18} = 7373.05596443826
x19=11160.5758616752x_{19} = 11160.5758616752
x20=6865.30203342413x_{20} = 6865.30203342413
x21=2761.21677588913x_{21} = 2761.21677588913
x22=8639.23353753662x_{22} = 8639.23353753662
x23=5847.17376088437x_{23} = 5847.17376088437
x24=12416.863015526x_{24} = 12416.863015526
x25=5080.86739923716x_{25} = 5080.86739923716
x26=12667.8221245804x_{26} = 12667.8221245804
x27=4311.68544110467x_{27} = 4311.68544110467
x28=6356.70556961525x_{28} = 6356.70556961525
x29=11412.0415014782x_{29} = 11412.0415014782
x30=3280.27440361959x_{30} = 3280.27440361959
x31=10153.5766075849x_{31} = 10153.5766075849
x32=2500.58283369222x_{32} = 2500.58283369222
x33=11914.6546607717x_{33} = 11914.6546607717
x34=12165.8080590305x_{34} = 12165.8080590305
x35=3796.94288728796x_{35} = 3796.94288728796
x36=10909.0000002601x_{36} = 10909.0000002601
x37=9144.57521712702x_{37} = 9144.57521712702
x38=7626.6416564936x_{38} = 7626.6416564936
x39=12918.6878592079x_{39} = 12918.6878592079
x40=10405.50401673x_{40} = 10405.50401673
x41=9649.34309026885x_{41} = 9649.34309026885
x42=10657.31056559x_{42} = 10657.31056559
Además hay que calcular los límites de y'' para los argumentos tendientes a los puntos de indeterminación de la función:
Puntos donde hay indeterminación:
x1=0.886226925452758x_{1} = -0.886226925452758
x2=0.886226925452758x_{2} = 0.886226925452758

limx0.886226925452758(4(16x1x2(4x2π)x(1x2)32+8(16x24x2π1)acos(x)4x2π)4x2π)=1(1033.23084583138π36151.36935898162π51.6578193468891π5+9170.44720778804+1900.87828723035π2+402.823633066476π41.539249576362351014iπ27.595892196620351014i+2.599309816633331016iπ4+6.44759354818831014iπ)620.125533605997π31836.11810871169π18.8495559215388π5+1π6+961.389193575305+1461.13636551004π2+148.04406601634π4\lim_{x \to -0.886226925452758^-}\left(\frac{4 \left(\frac{16 x}{\sqrt{1 - x^{2}} \left(4 x^{2} - \pi\right)} - \frac{x}{\left(1 - x^{2}\right)^{\frac{3}{2}}} + \frac{8 \left(\frac{16 x^{2}}{4 x^{2} - \pi} - 1\right) \operatorname{acos}{\left(x \right)}}{4 x^{2} - \pi}\right)}{4 x^{2} - \pi}\right) = \frac{1 \left(- 1033.23084583138 \pi^{3} - 6151.36935898162 \pi - 51.6578193468891 \pi^{5} + 9170.44720778804 + 1900.87828723035 \pi^{2} + 402.823633066476 \pi^{4} - 1.53924957636235 \cdot 10^{-14} i \pi^{2} - 7.59589219662035 \cdot 10^{-14} i + 2.59930981663333 \cdot 10^{-16} i \pi^{4} + 6.4475935481883 \cdot 10^{-14} i \pi\right)}{- 620.125533605997 \pi^{3} - 1836.11810871169 \pi - 18.8495559215388 \pi^{5} + 1 \pi^{6} + 961.389193575305 + 1461.13636551004 \pi^{2} + 148.04406601634 \pi^{4}}
limx0.886226925452758+(4(16x1x2(4x2π)x(1x2)32+8(16x24x2π1)acos(x)4x2π)4x2π)=1(1033.23084583138π36151.36935898162π51.6578193468891π5+9170.44720778804+1900.87828723035π2+402.823633066476π41.539249576362351014iπ27.595892196620351014i+2.599309816633331016iπ4+6.44759354818831014iπ)620.125533605997π31836.11810871169π18.8495559215388π5+1π6+961.389193575305+1461.13636551004π2+148.04406601634π4\lim_{x \to -0.886226925452758^+}\left(\frac{4 \left(\frac{16 x}{\sqrt{1 - x^{2}} \left(4 x^{2} - \pi\right)} - \frac{x}{\left(1 - x^{2}\right)^{\frac{3}{2}}} + \frac{8 \left(\frac{16 x^{2}}{4 x^{2} - \pi} - 1\right) \operatorname{acos}{\left(x \right)}}{4 x^{2} - \pi}\right)}{4 x^{2} - \pi}\right) = \frac{1 \left(- 1033.23084583138 \pi^{3} - 6151.36935898162 \pi - 51.6578193468891 \pi^{5} + 9170.44720778804 + 1900.87828723035 \pi^{2} + 402.823633066476 \pi^{4} - 1.53924957636235 \cdot 10^{-14} i \pi^{2} - 7.59589219662035 \cdot 10^{-14} i + 2.59930981663333 \cdot 10^{-16} i \pi^{4} + 6.4475935481883 \cdot 10^{-14} i \pi\right)}{- 620.125533605997 \pi^{3} - 1836.11810871169 \pi - 18.8495559215388 \pi^{5} + 1 \pi^{6} + 961.389193575305 + 1461.13636551004 \pi^{2} + 148.04406601634 \pi^{4}}
- los límites son iguales, es decir omitimos el punto correspondiente
limx0.886226925452758(4(16x1x2(4x2π)x(1x2)32+8(16x24x2π1)acos(x)4x2π)4x2π)=1(9838.4851173871π2402.823633066476π49170.44720778804+19.6578193468891π5+15502.6420982459π+2928.19489084053π31.539249576362351014iπ27.595892196620351014i+2.599309816633331016iπ4+6.44759354818831014iπ)620.125533605997π31836.11810871169π18.8495559215388π5+1π6+961.389193575305+1461.13636551004π2+148.04406601634π4\lim_{x \to 0.886226925452758^-}\left(\frac{4 \left(\frac{16 x}{\sqrt{1 - x^{2}} \left(4 x^{2} - \pi\right)} - \frac{x}{\left(1 - x^{2}\right)^{\frac{3}{2}}} + \frac{8 \left(\frac{16 x^{2}}{4 x^{2} - \pi} - 1\right) \operatorname{acos}{\left(x \right)}}{4 x^{2} - \pi}\right)}{4 x^{2} - \pi}\right) = \frac{1 \left(- 9838.4851173871 \pi^{2} - 402.823633066476 \pi^{4} - 9170.44720778804 + 19.6578193468891 \pi^{5} + 15502.6420982459 \pi + 2928.19489084053 \pi^{3} - 1.53924957636235 \cdot 10^{-14} i \pi^{2} - 7.59589219662035 \cdot 10^{-14} i + 2.59930981663333 \cdot 10^{-16} i \pi^{4} + 6.4475935481883 \cdot 10^{-14} i \pi\right)}{- 620.125533605997 \pi^{3} - 1836.11810871169 \pi - 18.8495559215388 \pi^{5} + 1 \pi^{6} + 961.389193575305 + 1461.13636551004 \pi^{2} + 148.04406601634 \pi^{4}}
limx0.886226925452758+(4(16x1x2(4x2π)x(1x2)32+8(16x24x2π1)acos(x)4x2π)4x2π)=1(9838.4851173871π2402.823633066476π49170.44720778804+19.6578193468891π5+15502.6420982459π+2928.19489084053π31.539249576362351014iπ27.595892196620351014i+2.599309816633331016iπ4+6.44759354818831014iπ)620.125533605997π31836.11810871169π18.8495559215388π5+1π6+961.389193575305+1461.13636551004π2+148.04406601634π4\lim_{x \to 0.886226925452758^+}\left(\frac{4 \left(\frac{16 x}{\sqrt{1 - x^{2}} \left(4 x^{2} - \pi\right)} - \frac{x}{\left(1 - x^{2}\right)^{\frac{3}{2}}} + \frac{8 \left(\frac{16 x^{2}}{4 x^{2} - \pi} - 1\right) \operatorname{acos}{\left(x \right)}}{4 x^{2} - \pi}\right)}{4 x^{2} - \pi}\right) = \frac{1 \left(- 9838.4851173871 \pi^{2} - 402.823633066476 \pi^{4} - 9170.44720778804 + 19.6578193468891 \pi^{5} + 15502.6420982459 \pi + 2928.19489084053 \pi^{3} - 1.53924957636235 \cdot 10^{-14} i \pi^{2} - 7.59589219662035 \cdot 10^{-14} i + 2.59930981663333 \cdot 10^{-16} i \pi^{4} + 6.4475935481883 \cdot 10^{-14} i \pi\right)}{- 620.125533605997 \pi^{3} - 1836.11810871169 \pi - 18.8495559215388 \pi^{5} + 1 \pi^{6} + 961.389193575305 + 1461.13636551004 \pi^{2} + 148.04406601634 \pi^{4}}
- los límites son iguales, es decir omitimos el punto correspondiente

Intervalos de convexidad y concavidad:
Hallemos los intervales donde la función es convexa o cóncava, para eso veamos cómo se comporta la función en los puntos de flexiones:
No tiene corvaduras en todo el eje numérico
Asíntotas verticales
Hay:
x1=0.886226925452758x_{1} = -0.886226925452758
x2=0.886226925452758x_{2} = 0.886226925452758
Asíntotas horizontales
Hallemos las asíntotas horizontales mediante los límites de esta función con x->+oo y x->-oo
limx(acos(x)x2π4)=0\lim_{x \to -\infty}\left(\frac{\operatorname{acos}{\left(x \right)}}{x^{2} - \frac{\pi}{4}}\right) = 0
Tomamos como el límite
es decir,
ecuación de la asíntota horizontal a la izquierda:
y=0y = 0
limx(acos(x)x2π4)=0\lim_{x \to \infty}\left(\frac{\operatorname{acos}{\left(x \right)}}{x^{2} - \frac{\pi}{4}}\right) = 0
Tomamos como el límite
es decir,
ecuación de la asíntota horizontal a la derecha:
y=0y = 0
Asíntotas inclinadas
Se puede hallar la asíntota inclinada calculando el límite de la función acos(x)/(x^2 - pi/4), dividida por x con x->+oo y x ->-oo
limx(acos(x)x(x2π4))=0\lim_{x \to -\infty}\left(\frac{\operatorname{acos}{\left(x \right)}}{x \left(x^{2} - \frac{\pi}{4}\right)}\right) = 0
Tomamos como el límite
es decir,
la inclinada coincide con la asíntota horizontal a la derecha
limx(acos(x)x(x2π4))=0\lim_{x \to \infty}\left(\frac{\operatorname{acos}{\left(x \right)}}{x \left(x^{2} - \frac{\pi}{4}\right)}\right) = 0
Tomamos como el límite
es decir,
la inclinada coincide con la asíntota horizontal a la izquierda
Paridad e imparidad de la función
Comprobemos si la función es par o impar mediante las relaciones f = f(-x) и f = -f(-x).
Pues, comprobamos:
acos(x)x2π4=acos(x)x2π4\frac{\operatorname{acos}{\left(x \right)}}{x^{2} - \frac{\pi}{4}} = \frac{\operatorname{acos}{\left(- x \right)}}{x^{2} - \frac{\pi}{4}}
- No
acos(x)x2π4=acos(x)x2π4\frac{\operatorname{acos}{\left(x \right)}}{x^{2} - \frac{\pi}{4}} = - \frac{\operatorname{acos}{\left(- x \right)}}{x^{2} - \frac{\pi}{4}}
- No
es decir, función
no es
par ni impar