Sr Examen
Descomponer -x^4+x^2-5 al cuadrado
Solución
Expresión del cuadrado perfecto
Expresemos el cuadrado perfecto del trinomio cuadrático
$$\left(- x^{4} + x^{2}\right) - 5$$
Para eso usemos la fórmula
$$a x^{4} + b x^{2} + c = a \left(m + x^{2}\right)^{2} + n$$
donde
$$m = \frac{b}{2 a}$$
$$n = \frac{4 a c - b^{2}}{4 a}$$
En nuestro caso
$$a = -1$$
$$b = 1$$
$$c = -5$$
Entonces
$$m = - \frac{1}{2}$$
$$n = - \frac{19}{4}$$
Pues,
$$- \left(x^{2} - \frac{1}{2}\right)^{2} - \frac{19}{4}$$
$$\left(- x^{4} + x^{2}\right) - 5$$
Para eso usemos la fórmula
$$a x^{4} + b x^{2} + c = a \left(m + x^{2}\right)^{2} + n$$
donde
$$m = \frac{b}{2 a}$$
$$n = \frac{4 a c - b^{2}}{4 a}$$
En nuestro caso
$$a = -1$$
$$b = 1$$
$$c = -5$$
Entonces
$$m = - \frac{1}{2}$$
$$n = - \frac{19}{4}$$
Pues,
$$- \left(x^{2} - \frac{1}{2}\right)^{2} - \frac{19}{4}$$
Factorización
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/ / / ____\\ / / ____\\\ / / / ____\\ / / ____\\\ / / / ____\\ / / ____\\\ / / / ____\\ / / ____\\\ | 4 ___ |atan\\/ 19 /| 4 ___ |atan\\/ 19 /|| | 4 ___ |atan\\/ 19 /| 4 ___ |atan\\/ 19 /|| | 4 ___ |atan\\/ 19 /| 4 ___ |atan\\/ 19 /|| | 4 ___ |atan\\/ 19 /| 4 ___ |atan\\/ 19 /|| |x + \/ 5 *cos|------------| + I*\/ 5 *sin|------------||*|x + \/ 5 *cos|------------| - I*\/ 5 *sin|------------||*|x + - \/ 5 *cos|------------| + I*\/ 5 *sin|------------||*|x + - \/ 5 *cos|------------| - I*\/ 5 *sin|------------|| \ \ 2 / \ 2 // \ \ 2 / \ 2 // \ \ 2 / \ 2 // \ \ 2 / \ 2 //
$$\left(x + \left(\sqrt[4]{5} \cos{\left(\frac{\operatorname{atan}{\left(\sqrt{19} \right)}}{2} \right)} - \sqrt[4]{5} i \sin{\left(\frac{\operatorname{atan}{\left(\sqrt{19} \right)}}{2} \right)}\right)\right) \left(x + \left(\sqrt[4]{5} \cos{\left(\frac{\operatorname{atan}{\left(\sqrt{19} \right)}}{2} \right)} + \sqrt[4]{5} i \sin{\left(\frac{\operatorname{atan}{\left(\sqrt{19} \right)}}{2} \right)}\right)\right) \left(x + \left(- \sqrt[4]{5} \cos{\left(\frac{\operatorname{atan}{\left(\sqrt{19} \right)}}{2} \right)} + \sqrt[4]{5} i \sin{\left(\frac{\operatorname{atan}{\left(\sqrt{19} \right)}}{2} \right)}\right)\right) \left(x + \left(- \sqrt[4]{5} \cos{\left(\frac{\operatorname{atan}{\left(\sqrt{19} \right)}}{2} \right)} - \sqrt[4]{5} i \sin{\left(\frac{\operatorname{atan}{\left(\sqrt{19} \right)}}{2} \right)}\right)\right)$$
(((x + 5^(1/4)*cos(atan(sqrt(19))/2) + i*5^(1/4)*sin(atan(sqrt(19))/2))*(x + 5^(1/4)*cos(atan(sqrt(19))/2) - i*5^(1/4)*sin(atan(sqrt(19))/2)))*(x - 5^(1/4)*cos(atan(sqrt(19))/2) + i*5^(1/4)*sin(atan(sqrt(19))/2)))*(x - 5^(1/4)*cos(atan(sqrt(19))/2) - i*5^(1/4)*sin(atan(sqrt(19))/2))
Unión de expresiones racionales
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2 / 2\ -5 + x *\1 - x /
$$x^{2} \left(1 - x^{2}\right) - 5$$
-5 + x^2*(1 - x^2)