Radio de convergencia de la serie de potencias
Se da una serie:
$$\frac{x^{n}}{n x^{2} + 1}$$
Es la serie del tipo
$$a_{n} \left(c x - x_{0}\right)^{d n}$$
- serie de potencias.
El radio de convergencia de la serie de potencias puede calcularse por la fórmula:
$$R^{d} = \frac{x_{0} + \lim_{n \to \infty} \left|{\frac{a_{n}}{a_{n + 1}}}\right|}{c}$$
En nuestro caso
$$a_{n} = \frac{1}{n x^{2} + 1}$$
y
$$x_{0} = 0$$
,
$$d = 1$$
,
$$c = 1$$
entonces
$$R = \lim_{n \to \infty} \left|{\frac{x^{2} \left(n + 1\right) + 1}{n x^{2} + 1}}\right|$$
Tomamos como el límitehallamos
$$R^{1} = 1$$
$$R = 1$$
/ / 2\
| | 1 + x |
|lerchphi|x, 1, ------|
| | 2 | / / / 2 2 \ / 2 2 \ 2 2 \ / / 2 2 \ / 2 2 \ 2 2 \ / / 2 2 \ / 2 2 \ 2 2 / 2 2 \ / 2 2 \ 2 2 \\
| \ x / | | | im (x) re (x) | / 2 2 \ | re (x) im (x) | / 2 2 \ 4*im (x)*re (x) | | | im (x) re (x) | / 2 2 \ | re (x) im (x) | / 2 2 \ 4*im (x)*re (x) | | | im (x) re (x) | / 2 2 \ | re (x) im (x) | / 2 2 \ 4*im (x)*re (x) | im (x) re (x) | / 2 2 \ | re (x) im (x) | / 2 2 \ 4*im (x)*re (x) ||
|---------------------- for Or|And||x| <= 1, 1 + |------------------ - ------------------|*\1 - 2*im (x) + 2*re (x)/ + |------------------ - ------------------|*\1 + re (x) - im (x)/ - ------------------ < 0|, And|1 + |------------------ - ------------------|*\1 - 2*im (x) + 2*re (x)/ + |------------------ - ------------------|*\1 + re (x) - im (x)/ - ------------------ >= 1, |x| < 1|, And|1 + |------------------ - ------------------|*\1 - 2*im (x) + 2*re (x)/ + |------------------ - ------------------|*\1 + re (x) - im (x)/ - ------------------ >= 0, |x| <= 1, 1 + |------------------ - ------------------|*\1 - 2*im (x) + 2*re (x)/ + |------------------ - ------------------|*\1 + re (x) - im (x)/ - ------------------ < 1, x != 1||
| x | | | 2 2| | 2 2| 2 | | | 2 2| | 2 2| 2 | | | 2 2| | 2 2| 2 | 2 2| | 2 2| 2 ||
| | | |/ 2 2 \ / 2 2 \ | |/ 2 2 \ / 2 2 \ | / 2 2 \ | | |/ 2 2 \ / 2 2 \ | |/ 2 2 \ / 2 2 \ | / 2 2 \ | | |/ 2 2 \ / 2 2 \ | |/ 2 2 \ / 2 2 \ | / 2 2 \ |/ 2 2 \ / 2 2 \ | |/ 2 2 \ / 2 2 \ | / 2 2 \ ||
| \ \ \\im (x) + re (x)/ \im (x) + re (x)/ / \\im (x) + re (x)/ \im (x) + re (x)/ / \im (x) + re (x)/ / \ \\im (x) + re (x)/ \im (x) + re (x)/ / \\im (x) + re (x)/ \im (x) + re (x)/ / \im (x) + re (x)/ / \ \\im (x) + re (x)/ \im (x) + re (x)/ / \\im (x) + re (x)/ \im (x) + re (x)/ / \im (x) + re (x)/ \\im (x) + re (x)/ \im (x) + re (x)/ / \\im (x) + re (x)/ \im (x) + re (x)/ / \im (x) + re (x)/ //
|
< oo
| ____
| \ `
| \ n
| \ x
| ) -------- otherwise
| / 2
| / 1 + n*x
| /___,
| n = 1
\
$$\begin{cases} \frac{\Phi\left(x, 1, \frac{x^{2} + 1}{x^{2}}\right)}{x} & \text{for}\: \left(\left|{x}\right| \leq 1 \wedge \left(- \frac{\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}}{\left(\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} + \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}\right)^{2}} + \frac{\left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}}{\left(\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} + \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}\right)^{2}}\right) \left(2 \left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} - 2 \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} + 1\right) + \left(\frac{\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}}{\left(\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} + \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}\right)^{2}} - \frac{\left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}}{\left(\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} + \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}\right)^{2}}\right) \left(\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} - \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} + 1\right) + 1 - \frac{4 \left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}}{\left(\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} + \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}\right)^{2}} < 0\right) \vee \left(\left(- \frac{\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}}{\left(\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} + \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}\right)^{2}} + \frac{\left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}}{\left(\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} + \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}\right)^{2}}\right) \left(2 \left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} - 2 \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} + 1\right) + \left(\frac{\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}}{\left(\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} + \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}\right)^{2}} - \frac{\left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}}{\left(\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} + \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}\right)^{2}}\right) \left(\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} - \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} + 1\right) + 1 - \frac{4 \left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}}{\left(\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} + \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}\right)^{2}} \geq 1 \wedge \left|{x}\right| < 1\right) \vee \left(\left(- \frac{\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}}{\left(\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} + \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}\right)^{2}} + \frac{\left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}}{\left(\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} + \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}\right)^{2}}\right) \left(2 \left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} - 2 \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} + 1\right) + \left(\frac{\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}}{\left(\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} + \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}\right)^{2}} - \frac{\left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}}{\left(\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} + \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}\right)^{2}}\right) \left(\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} - \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} + 1\right) + 1 - \frac{4 \left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}}{\left(\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} + \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}\right)^{2}} \geq 0 \wedge \left|{x}\right| \leq 1 \wedge \left(- \frac{\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}}{\left(\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} + \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}\right)^{2}} + \frac{\left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}}{\left(\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} + \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}\right)^{2}}\right) \left(2 \left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} - 2 \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} + 1\right) + \left(\frac{\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}}{\left(\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} + \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}\right)^{2}} - \frac{\left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}}{\left(\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} + \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}\right)^{2}}\right) \left(\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} - \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} + 1\right) + 1 - \frac{4 \left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}}{\left(\left(\operatorname{re}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2} + \left(\operatorname{im}{\left(x\right)}\right)^{2}\right)^{2}} < 1 \wedge x \neq 1\right) \\\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{x^{n}}{n x^{2} + 1} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}$$
Piecewise((lerchphi(x, 1, (1 + x^2)/x^2)/x, ((|x| <= 1)∧(1 + (im(x)^2/(im(x)^2 + re(x)^2)^2 - re(x)^2/(im(x)^2 + re(x)^2)^2)*(1 - 2*im(x)^2 + 2*re(x)^2) + (re(x)^2/(im(x)^2 + re(x)^2)^2 - im(x)^2/(im(x)^2 + re(x)^2)^2)*(1 + re(x)^2 - im(x)^2) - 4*im(x)^2*re(x)^2/(im(x)^2 + re(x)^2)^2 < 0))∨((|x| < 1)∧(1 + (im(x)^2/(im(x)^2 + re(x)^2)^2 - re(x)^2/(im(x)^2 + re(x)^2)^2)*(1 - 2*im(x)^2 + 2*re(x)^2) + (re(x)^2/(im(x)^2 + re(x)^2)^2 - im(x)^2/(im(x)^2 + re(x)^2)^2)*(1 + re(x)^2 - im(x)^2) - 4*im(x)^2*re(x)^2/(im(x)^2 + re(x)^2)^2 >= 1))∨((Ne(x, 1))∧(|x| <= 1)∧(1 + (im(x)^2/(im(x)^2 + re(x)^2)^2 - re(x)^2/(im(x)^2 + re(x)^2)^2)*(1 - 2*im(x)^2 + 2*re(x)^2) + (re(x)^2/(im(x)^2 + re(x)^2)^2 - im(x)^2/(im(x)^2 + re(x)^2)^2)*(1 + re(x)^2 - im(x)^2) - 4*im(x)^2*re(x)^2/(im(x)^2 + re(x)^2)^2 >= 0)∧(1 + (im(x)^2/(im(x)^2 + re(x)^2)^2 - re(x)^2/(im(x)^2 + re(x)^2)^2)*(1 - 2*im(x)^2 + 2*re(x)^2) + (re(x)^2/(im(x)^2 + re(x)^2)^2 - im(x)^2/(im(x)^2 + re(x)^2)^2)*(1 + re(x)^2 - im(x)^2) - 4*im(x)^2*re(x)^2/(im(x)^2 + re(x)^2)^2 < 1))), (Sum(x^n/(1 + n*x^2), (n, 1, oo)), True))