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Integral de ln((x^4-4)^(1/2)) dx

Límites de integración:

interior superior
v

Gráfico:

interior superior

Definida a trozos:

Solución

Ha introducido [src]
  1                    
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 |     /   ________\   
 |     |  /  4     |   
 |  log\\/  x  - 4 / dx
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0                      
01log(x44)dx\int\limits_{0}^{1} \log{\left(\sqrt{x^{4} - 4} \right)}\, dx
Integral(log(sqrt(x^4 - 4)), (x, 0, 1))
Solución detallada
  1. Usamos la integración por partes:

    udv=uvvdu\int \operatorname{u} \operatorname{dv} = \operatorname{u}\operatorname{v} - \int \operatorname{v} \operatorname{du}

    que u(x)=log(x44)u{\left(x \right)} = \log{\left(\sqrt{x^{4} - 4} \right)} y que dv(x)=1\operatorname{dv}{\left(x \right)} = 1.

    Entonces du(x)=2x3x44\operatorname{du}{\left(x \right)} = \frac{2 x^{3}}{x^{4} - 4}.

    Para buscar v(x)v{\left(x \right)}:

    1. La integral de las constantes tienen esta constante multiplicada por la variable de integración:

      1dx=x\int 1\, dx = x

    Ahora resolvemos podintegral.

  2. La integral del producto de una función por una constante es la constante por la integral de esta función:

    2x4x44dx=2x4x44dx\int \frac{2 x^{4}}{x^{4} - 4}\, dx = 2 \int \frac{x^{4}}{x^{4} - 4}\, dx

    1. Vuelva a escribir el integrando:

      x4x44=11x2+2+1x22\frac{x^{4}}{x^{4} - 4} = 1 - \frac{1}{x^{2} + 2} + \frac{1}{x^{2} - 2}

    2. Integramos término a término:

      1. La integral de las constantes tienen esta constante multiplicada por la variable de integración:

        1dx=x\int 1\, dx = x

      1. La integral del producto de una función por una constante es la constante por la integral de esta función:

        (1x2+2)dx=1x2+2dx\int \left(- \frac{1}{x^{2} + 2}\right)\, dx = - \int \frac{1}{x^{2} + 2}\, dx

          PieceweseRule(subfunctions=[(ArctanRule(a=1, b=1, c=2, context=1/(x**2 + 2), symbol=x), True), (ArccothRule(a=1, b=1, c=2, context=1/(x**2 + 2), symbol=x), False), (ArctanhRule(a=1, b=1, c=2, context=1/(x**2 + 2), symbol=x), False)], context=1/(x**2 + 2), symbol=x)

        Por lo tanto, el resultado es: 2atan(2x2)2- \frac{\sqrt{2} \operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} x}{2} \right)}}{2}

        PieceweseRule(subfunctions=[(ArctanRule(a=1, b=1, c=-2, context=1/(x**2 - 2), symbol=x), False), (ArccothRule(a=1, b=1, c=-2, context=1/(x**2 - 2), symbol=x), x**2 > 2), (ArctanhRule(a=1, b=1, c=-2, context=1/(x**2 - 2), symbol=x), x**2 < 2)], context=1/(x**2 - 2), symbol=x)

      El resultado es: x+{2acoth(2x2)2forx2>22atanh(2x2)2forx2<22atan(2x2)2x + \begin{cases} - \frac{\sqrt{2} \operatorname{acoth}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} x}{2} \right)}}{2} & \text{for}\: x^{2} > 2 \\- \frac{\sqrt{2} \operatorname{atanh}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} x}{2} \right)}}{2} & \text{for}\: x^{2} < 2 \end{cases} - \frac{\sqrt{2} \operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} x}{2} \right)}}{2}

    Por lo tanto, el resultado es: 2x+2({2acoth(2x2)2forx2>22atanh(2x2)2forx2<2)2atan(2x2)2 x + 2 \left(\begin{cases} - \frac{\sqrt{2} \operatorname{acoth}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} x}{2} \right)}}{2} & \text{for}\: x^{2} > 2 \\- \frac{\sqrt{2} \operatorname{atanh}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} x}{2} \right)}}{2} & \text{for}\: x^{2} < 2 \end{cases}\right) - \sqrt{2} \operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} x}{2} \right)}

  3. Ahora simplificar:

    {xlog(x44)22x+2acoth(2x2)+2atan(2x2)forx2>2xlog(x44)22x+2atan(2x2)+2atanh(2x2)forx2<2\begin{cases} \frac{x \log{\left(x^{4} - 4 \right)}}{2} - 2 x + \sqrt{2} \operatorname{acoth}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} x}{2} \right)} + \sqrt{2} \operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} x}{2} \right)} & \text{for}\: x^{2} > 2 \\\frac{x \log{\left(x^{4} - 4 \right)}}{2} - 2 x + \sqrt{2} \operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} x}{2} \right)} + \sqrt{2} \operatorname{atanh}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} x}{2} \right)} & \text{for}\: x^{2} < 2 \end{cases}

  4. Añadimos la constante de integración:

    {xlog(x44)22x+2acoth(2x2)+2atan(2x2)forx2>2xlog(x44)22x+2atan(2x2)+2atanh(2x2)forx2<2+constant\begin{cases} \frac{x \log{\left(x^{4} - 4 \right)}}{2} - 2 x + \sqrt{2} \operatorname{acoth}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} x}{2} \right)} + \sqrt{2} \operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} x}{2} \right)} & \text{for}\: x^{2} > 2 \\\frac{x \log{\left(x^{4} - 4 \right)}}{2} - 2 x + \sqrt{2} \operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} x}{2} \right)} + \sqrt{2} \operatorname{atanh}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} x}{2} \right)} & \text{for}\: x^{2} < 2 \end{cases}+ \mathrm{constant}


Respuesta:

{xlog(x44)22x+2acoth(2x2)+2atan(2x2)forx2>2xlog(x44)22x+2atan(2x2)+2atanh(2x2)forx2<2+constant\begin{cases} \frac{x \log{\left(x^{4} - 4 \right)}}{2} - 2 x + \sqrt{2} \operatorname{acoth}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} x}{2} \right)} + \sqrt{2} \operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} x}{2} \right)} & \text{for}\: x^{2} > 2 \\\frac{x \log{\left(x^{4} - 4 \right)}}{2} - 2 x + \sqrt{2} \operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} x}{2} \right)} + \sqrt{2} \operatorname{atanh}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} x}{2} \right)} & \text{for}\: x^{2} < 2 \end{cases}+ \mathrm{constant}

Respuesta (Indefinida) [src]
                                     //            /    ___\             \                                           
                                     ||   ___      |x*\/ 2 |             |                                           
  /                                  ||-\/ 2 *acoth|-------|             |                                           
 |                                   ||            \   2   /        2    |                                           
 |    /   ________\                  ||----------------------  for x  > 2|        /   ________\             /    ___\
 |    |  /  4     |                  ||          2                       |        |  /  4     |     ___     |x*\/ 2 |
 | log\\/  x  - 4 / dx = C - 2*x - 2*|<                                  | + x*log\\/  x  - 4 / + \/ 2 *atan|-------|
 |                                   ||            /    ___\             |                                  \   2   /
/                                    ||   ___      |x*\/ 2 |             |                                           
                                     ||-\/ 2 *atanh|-------|             |                                           
                                     ||            \   2   /        2    |                                           
                                     ||----------------------  for x  < 2|                                           
                                     \\          2                       /                                           
log(x44)dx=C+xlog(x44)2x2({2acoth(2x2)2forx2>22atanh(2x2)2forx2<2)+2atan(2x2)\int \log{\left(\sqrt{x^{4} - 4} \right)}\, dx = C + x \log{\left(\sqrt{x^{4} - 4} \right)} - 2 x - 2 \left(\begin{cases} - \frac{\sqrt{2} \operatorname{acoth}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} x}{2} \right)}}{2} & \text{for}\: x^{2} > 2 \\- \frac{\sqrt{2} \operatorname{atanh}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} x}{2} \right)}}{2} & \text{for}\: x^{2} < 2 \end{cases}\right) + \sqrt{2} \operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{2} x}{2} \right)}
Gráfica
-0.010-0.008-0.006-0.004-0.0020.0100.0000.0020.0040.0060.0080.00
Respuesta [src]
               /  ___\            ___ /          /  ___\\     ___    /      ___\     ___ /          /       ___\\     ___    /  ___\             
       ___     |\/ 2 |   pi*I   \/ 2 *\pi*I + log\\/ 2 //   \/ 2 *log\1 + \/ 2 /   \/ 2 *\pi*I + log\-1 + \/ 2 //   \/ 2 *log\\/ 2 /      /  ___\
-2 + \/ 2 *atan|-----| + ---- + ------------------------- + -------------------- - ------------------------------ - ---------------- + log\\/ 3 /
               \  2  /    2                 2                        2                           2                         2                     
22log(2)2+log(3)+2log(1+2)2+2atan(22)2(log(1+2)+iπ)2+iπ2+2(log(2)+iπ)2-2 - \frac{\sqrt{2} \log{\left(\sqrt{2} \right)}}{2} + \log{\left(\sqrt{3} \right)} + \frac{\sqrt{2} \log{\left(1 + \sqrt{2} \right)}}{2} + \sqrt{2} \operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \right)} - \frac{\sqrt{2} \left(\log{\left(-1 + \sqrt{2} \right)} + i \pi\right)}{2} + \frac{i \pi}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{2} \left(\log{\left(\sqrt{2} \right)} + i \pi\right)}{2}
=
=
               /  ___\            ___ /          /  ___\\     ___    /      ___\     ___ /          /       ___\\     ___    /  ___\             
       ___     |\/ 2 |   pi*I   \/ 2 *\pi*I + log\\/ 2 //   \/ 2 *log\1 + \/ 2 /   \/ 2 *\pi*I + log\-1 + \/ 2 //   \/ 2 *log\\/ 2 /      /  ___\
-2 + \/ 2 *atan|-----| + ---- + ------------------------- + -------------------- - ------------------------------ - ---------------- + log\\/ 3 /
               \  2  /    2                 2                        2                           2                         2                     
22log(2)2+log(3)+2log(1+2)2+2atan(22)2(log(1+2)+iπ)2+iπ2+2(log(2)+iπ)2-2 - \frac{\sqrt{2} \log{\left(\sqrt{2} \right)}}{2} + \log{\left(\sqrt{3} \right)} + \frac{\sqrt{2} \log{\left(1 + \sqrt{2} \right)}}{2} + \sqrt{2} \operatorname{atan}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \right)} - \frac{\sqrt{2} \left(\log{\left(-1 + \sqrt{2} \right)} + i \pi\right)}{2} + \frac{i \pi}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{2} \left(\log{\left(\sqrt{2} \right)} + i \pi\right)}{2}
-2 + sqrt(2)*atan(sqrt(2)/2) + pi*i/2 + sqrt(2)*(pi*i + log(sqrt(2)))/2 + sqrt(2)*log(1 + sqrt(2))/2 - sqrt(2)*(pi*i + log(-1 + sqrt(2)))/2 - sqrt(2)*log(sqrt(2))/2 + log(sqrt(3))
Respuesta numérica [src]
(0.666176375981619 + 1.5707963267949j)
(0.666176375981619 + 1.5707963267949j)

    Estos ejemplos se pueden aplicar para introducción de los límites de integración inferior y superior.