3 / | | ________ | 4 / 2 | x *\/ 9 - x dx | / 0
Integral(x^4*sqrt(9 - x^2), (x, 0, 3))
TrigSubstitutionRule(theta=_theta, func=3*sin(_theta), rewritten=729*sin(_theta)**4*cos(_theta)**2, substep=ConstantTimesRule(constant=729, other=sin(_theta)**4*cos(_theta)**2, substep=RewriteRule(rewritten=(1/2 - cos(2*_theta)/2)**2*(cos(2*_theta)/2 + 1/2), substep=AlternativeRule(alternatives=[URule(u_var=_u, u_func=2*_theta, constant=1, substep=AddRule(substeps=[ConstantTimesRule(constant=1/16, other=cos(_u)**3, substep=RewriteRule(rewritten=(1 - sin(_u)**2)*cos(_u), substep=AlternativeRule(alternatives=[URule(u_var=_u, u_func=sin(_u), constant=1, substep=AddRule(substeps=[ConstantRule(constant=1, context=1, symbol=_u), ConstantTimesRule(constant=-1, other=_u**2, substep=PowerRule(base=_u, exp=2, context=_u**2, symbol=_u), context=-_u**2, symbol=_u)], context=1 - _u**2, symbol=_u), context=(1 - sin(_u)**2)*cos(_u), symbol=_u), RewriteRule(rewritten=-sin(_u)**2*cos(_u) + cos(_u), substep=AddRule(substeps=[ConstantTimesRule(constant=-1, other=sin(_u)**2*cos(_u), substep=URule(u_var=_u, u_func=sin(_u), constant=1, substep=PowerRule(base=_u, exp=2, context=_u**2, symbol=_u), context=sin(_u)**2*cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=-sin(_u)**2*cos(_u), symbol=_u), TrigRule(func='cos', arg=_u, context=cos(_u), symbol=_u)], context=-sin(_u)**2*cos(_u) + cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=(1 - sin(_u)**2)*cos(_u), symbol=_u), RewriteRule(rewritten=-sin(_u)**2*cos(_u) + cos(_u), substep=AddRule(substeps=[ConstantTimesRule(constant=-1, other=sin(_u)**2*cos(_u), substep=URule(u_var=_u, u_func=sin(_u), constant=1, substep=PowerRule(base=_u, exp=2, context=_u**2, symbol=_u), context=sin(_u)**2*cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=-sin(_u)**2*cos(_u), symbol=_u), TrigRule(func='cos', arg=_u, context=cos(_u), symbol=_u)], context=-sin(_u)**2*cos(_u) + cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=(1 - sin(_u)**2)*cos(_u), symbol=_u)], context=(1 - sin(_u)**2)*cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=cos(_u)**3, symbol=_u), context=cos(_u)**3/16, symbol=_u), ConstantTimesRule(constant=-1/16, other=cos(_u)**2, substep=RewriteRule(rewritten=cos(2*_u)/2 + 1/2, substep=AddRule(substeps=[ConstantTimesRule(constant=1/2, other=cos(2*_u), substep=URule(u_var=_u, u_func=2*_u, constant=1/2, substep=ConstantTimesRule(constant=1/2, other=cos(_u), substep=TrigRule(func='cos', arg=_u, context=cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=cos(2*_u), symbol=_u), context=cos(2*_u)/2, symbol=_u), ConstantRule(constant=1/2, context=1/2, symbol=_u)], context=cos(2*_u)/2 + 1/2, symbol=_u), context=cos(_u)**2, symbol=_u), context=-cos(_u)**2/16, symbol=_u), ConstantTimesRule(constant=-1/16, other=cos(_u), substep=TrigRule(func='cos', arg=_u, context=cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=-cos(_u)/16, symbol=_u), ConstantRule(constant=1/16, context=1/16, symbol=_u)], context=cos(_u)**3/16 - cos(_u)**2/16 - cos(_u)/16 + 1/16, symbol=_u), context=(1/2 - cos(2*_theta)/2)**2*(cos(2*_theta)/2 + 1/2), symbol=_theta), RewriteRule(rewritten=cos(2*_theta)**3/8 - cos(2*_theta)**2/8 - cos(2*_theta)/8 + 1/8, substep=AddRule(substeps=[ConstantTimesRule(constant=1/8, other=cos(2*_theta)**3, substep=RewriteRule(rewritten=(1 - sin(2*_theta)**2)*cos(2*_theta), substep=AlternativeRule(alternatives=[AlternativeRule(alternatives=[URule(u_var=_u, u_func=sin(2*_theta), constant=1, substep=AddRule(substeps=[ConstantRule(constant=1/2, context=1/2, symbol=_u), ConstantTimesRule(constant=-1/2, other=_u**2, substep=PowerRule(base=_u, exp=2, context=_u**2, symbol=_u), context=-_u**2/2, symbol=_u)], context=1/2 - _u**2/2, symbol=_u), context=(1 - sin(2*_theta)**2)*cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta), URule(u_var=_u, u_func=2*_theta, constant=1, substep=AddRule(substeps=[ConstantTimesRule(constant=-1/2, other=sin(_u)**2*cos(_u), substep=URule(u_var=_u, u_func=sin(_u), constant=1, substep=PowerRule(base=_u, exp=2, context=_u**2, symbol=_u), context=sin(_u)**2*cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=-sin(_u)**2*cos(_u)/2, symbol=_u), ConstantTimesRule(constant=1/2, other=cos(_u), substep=TrigRule(func='cos', arg=_u, context=cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=cos(_u)/2, symbol=_u)], context=-sin(_u)**2*cos(_u)/2 + cos(_u)/2, symbol=_u), context=(1 - sin(2*_theta)**2)*cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta)], context=(1 - sin(2*_theta)**2)*cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta), RewriteRule(rewritten=-sin(2*_theta)**2*cos(2*_theta) + cos(2*_theta), substep=AddRule(substeps=[ConstantTimesRule(constant=-1, other=sin(2*_theta)**2*cos(2*_theta), substep=AlternativeRule(alternatives=[URule(u_var=_u, u_func=sin(2*_theta), constant=1/2, substep=ConstantTimesRule(constant=1/2, other=_u**2, substep=PowerRule(base=_u, exp=2, context=_u**2, symbol=_u), context=_u**2, symbol=_u), context=sin(2*_theta)**2*cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta), URule(u_var=_u, u_func=2*_theta, constant=1/2, substep=ConstantTimesRule(constant=1/2, other=sin(_u)**2*cos(_u), substep=URule(u_var=_u, u_func=sin(_u), constant=1, substep=PowerRule(base=_u, exp=2, context=_u**2, symbol=_u), context=sin(_u)**2*cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=sin(_u)**2*cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=sin(2*_theta)**2*cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta)], context=sin(2*_theta)**2*cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta), context=-sin(2*_theta)**2*cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta), URule(u_var=_u, u_func=2*_theta, constant=1/2, substep=ConstantTimesRule(constant=1/2, other=cos(_u), substep=TrigRule(func='cos', arg=_u, context=cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta)], context=-sin(2*_theta)**2*cos(2*_theta) + cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta), context=(1 - sin(2*_theta)**2)*cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta), RewriteRule(rewritten=-sin(2*_theta)**2*cos(2*_theta) + cos(2*_theta), substep=AddRule(substeps=[ConstantTimesRule(constant=-1, other=sin(2*_theta)**2*cos(2*_theta), substep=AlternativeRule(alternatives=[URule(u_var=_u, u_func=sin(2*_theta), constant=1/2, substep=ConstantTimesRule(constant=1/2, other=_u**2, substep=PowerRule(base=_u, exp=2, context=_u**2, symbol=_u), context=_u**2, symbol=_u), context=sin(2*_theta)**2*cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta), URule(u_var=_u, u_func=2*_theta, constant=1/2, substep=ConstantTimesRule(constant=1/2, other=sin(_u)**2*cos(_u), substep=URule(u_var=_u, u_func=sin(_u), constant=1, substep=PowerRule(base=_u, exp=2, context=_u**2, symbol=_u), context=sin(_u)**2*cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=sin(_u)**2*cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=sin(2*_theta)**2*cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta)], context=sin(2*_theta)**2*cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta), context=-sin(2*_theta)**2*cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta), URule(u_var=_u, u_func=2*_theta, constant=1/2, substep=ConstantTimesRule(constant=1/2, other=cos(_u), substep=TrigRule(func='cos', arg=_u, context=cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta)], context=-sin(2*_theta)**2*cos(2*_theta) + cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta), context=(1 - sin(2*_theta)**2)*cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta)], context=(1 - sin(2*_theta)**2)*cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta), context=cos(2*_theta)**3, symbol=_theta), context=cos(2*_theta)**3/8, symbol=_theta), ConstantTimesRule(constant=-1/8, other=cos(2*_theta)**2, substep=RewriteRule(rewritten=cos(4*_theta)/2 + 1/2, substep=AddRule(substeps=[ConstantTimesRule(constant=1/2, other=cos(4*_theta), substep=URule(u_var=_u, u_func=4*_theta, constant=1/4, substep=ConstantTimesRule(constant=1/4, other=cos(_u), substep=TrigRule(func='cos', arg=_u, context=cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=cos(4*_theta), symbol=_theta), context=cos(4*_theta)/2, symbol=_theta), ConstantRule(constant=1/2, context=1/2, symbol=_theta)], context=cos(4*_theta)/2 + 1/2, symbol=_theta), context=cos(2*_theta)**2, symbol=_theta), context=-cos(2*_theta)**2/8, symbol=_theta), ConstantTimesRule(constant=-1/8, other=cos(2*_theta), substep=URule(u_var=_u, u_func=2*_theta, constant=1/2, substep=ConstantTimesRule(constant=1/2, other=cos(_u), substep=TrigRule(func='cos', arg=_u, context=cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta), context=-cos(2*_theta)/8, symbol=_theta), ConstantRule(constant=1/8, context=1/8, symbol=_theta)], context=cos(2*_theta)**3/8 - cos(2*_theta)**2/8 - cos(2*_theta)/8 + 1/8, symbol=_theta), context=(1/2 - cos(2*_theta)/2)**2*(cos(2*_theta)/2 + 1/2), symbol=_theta), RewriteRule(rewritten=cos(2*_theta)**3/8 - cos(2*_theta)**2/8 - cos(2*_theta)/8 + 1/8, substep=AddRule(substeps=[ConstantTimesRule(constant=1/8, other=cos(2*_theta)**3, substep=RewriteRule(rewritten=(1 - sin(2*_theta)**2)*cos(2*_theta), substep=AlternativeRule(alternatives=[AlternativeRule(alternatives=[URule(u_var=_u, u_func=sin(2*_theta), constant=1, substep=AddRule(substeps=[ConstantRule(constant=1/2, context=1/2, symbol=_u), ConstantTimesRule(constant=-1/2, other=_u**2, substep=PowerRule(base=_u, exp=2, context=_u**2, symbol=_u), context=-_u**2/2, symbol=_u)], context=1/2 - _u**2/2, symbol=_u), context=(1 - sin(2*_theta)**2)*cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta), URule(u_var=_u, u_func=2*_theta, constant=1, substep=AddRule(substeps=[ConstantTimesRule(constant=-1/2, other=sin(_u)**2*cos(_u), substep=URule(u_var=_u, u_func=sin(_u), constant=1, substep=PowerRule(base=_u, exp=2, context=_u**2, symbol=_u), context=sin(_u)**2*cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=-sin(_u)**2*cos(_u)/2, symbol=_u), ConstantTimesRule(constant=1/2, other=cos(_u), substep=TrigRule(func='cos', arg=_u, context=cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=cos(_u)/2, symbol=_u)], context=-sin(_u)**2*cos(_u)/2 + cos(_u)/2, symbol=_u), context=(1 - sin(2*_theta)**2)*cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta)], context=(1 - sin(2*_theta)**2)*cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta), RewriteRule(rewritten=-sin(2*_theta)**2*cos(2*_theta) + cos(2*_theta), substep=AddRule(substeps=[ConstantTimesRule(constant=-1, other=sin(2*_theta)**2*cos(2*_theta), substep=AlternativeRule(alternatives=[URule(u_var=_u, u_func=sin(2*_theta), constant=1/2, substep=ConstantTimesRule(constant=1/2, other=_u**2, substep=PowerRule(base=_u, exp=2, context=_u**2, symbol=_u), context=_u**2, symbol=_u), context=sin(2*_theta)**2*cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta), URule(u_var=_u, u_func=2*_theta, constant=1/2, substep=ConstantTimesRule(constant=1/2, other=sin(_u)**2*cos(_u), substep=URule(u_var=_u, u_func=sin(_u), constant=1, substep=PowerRule(base=_u, exp=2, context=_u**2, symbol=_u), context=sin(_u)**2*cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=sin(_u)**2*cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=sin(2*_theta)**2*cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta)], context=sin(2*_theta)**2*cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta), context=-sin(2*_theta)**2*cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta), URule(u_var=_u, u_func=2*_theta, constant=1/2, substep=ConstantTimesRule(constant=1/2, other=cos(_u), substep=TrigRule(func='cos', arg=_u, context=cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta)], context=-sin(2*_theta)**2*cos(2*_theta) + cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta), context=(1 - sin(2*_theta)**2)*cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta), RewriteRule(rewritten=-sin(2*_theta)**2*cos(2*_theta) + cos(2*_theta), substep=AddRule(substeps=[ConstantTimesRule(constant=-1, other=sin(2*_theta)**2*cos(2*_theta), substep=AlternativeRule(alternatives=[URule(u_var=_u, u_func=sin(2*_theta), constant=1/2, substep=ConstantTimesRule(constant=1/2, other=_u**2, substep=PowerRule(base=_u, exp=2, context=_u**2, symbol=_u), context=_u**2, symbol=_u), context=sin(2*_theta)**2*cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta), URule(u_var=_u, u_func=2*_theta, constant=1/2, substep=ConstantTimesRule(constant=1/2, other=sin(_u)**2*cos(_u), substep=URule(u_var=_u, u_func=sin(_u), constant=1, substep=PowerRule(base=_u, exp=2, context=_u**2, symbol=_u), context=sin(_u)**2*cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=sin(_u)**2*cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=sin(2*_theta)**2*cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta)], context=sin(2*_theta)**2*cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta), context=-sin(2*_theta)**2*cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta), URule(u_var=_u, u_func=2*_theta, constant=1/2, substep=ConstantTimesRule(constant=1/2, other=cos(_u), substep=TrigRule(func='cos', arg=_u, context=cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta)], context=-sin(2*_theta)**2*cos(2*_theta) + cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta), context=(1 - sin(2*_theta)**2)*cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta)], context=(1 - sin(2*_theta)**2)*cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta), context=cos(2*_theta)**3, symbol=_theta), context=cos(2*_theta)**3/8, symbol=_theta), ConstantTimesRule(constant=-1/8, other=cos(2*_theta)**2, substep=RewriteRule(rewritten=cos(4*_theta)/2 + 1/2, substep=AddRule(substeps=[ConstantTimesRule(constant=1/2, other=cos(4*_theta), substep=URule(u_var=_u, u_func=4*_theta, constant=1/4, substep=ConstantTimesRule(constant=1/4, other=cos(_u), substep=TrigRule(func='cos', arg=_u, context=cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=cos(4*_theta), symbol=_theta), context=cos(4*_theta)/2, symbol=_theta), ConstantRule(constant=1/2, context=1/2, symbol=_theta)], context=cos(4*_theta)/2 + 1/2, symbol=_theta), context=cos(2*_theta)**2, symbol=_theta), context=-cos(2*_theta)**2/8, symbol=_theta), ConstantTimesRule(constant=-1/8, other=cos(2*_theta), substep=URule(u_var=_u, u_func=2*_theta, constant=1/2, substep=ConstantTimesRule(constant=1/2, other=cos(_u), substep=TrigRule(func='cos', arg=_u, context=cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=cos(_u), symbol=_u), context=cos(2*_theta), symbol=_theta), context=-cos(2*_theta)/8, symbol=_theta), ConstantRule(constant=1/8, context=1/8, symbol=_theta)], context=cos(2*_theta)**3/8 - cos(2*_theta)**2/8 - cos(2*_theta)/8 + 1/8, symbol=_theta), context=(1/2 - cos(2*_theta)/2)**2*(cos(2*_theta)/2 + 1/2), symbol=_theta)], context=(1/2 - cos(2*_theta)/2)**2*(cos(2*_theta)/2 + 1/2), symbol=_theta), context=sin(_theta)**4*cos(_theta)**2, symbol=_theta), context=729*sin(_theta)**4*cos(_theta)**2, symbol=_theta), restriction=(x > -3) & (x < 3), context=x**4*sqrt(9 - x**2), symbol=x)
Ahora simplificar:
Añadimos la constante de integración:
Respuesta:
/ | | ________ // /x\ 3/2 ________ \ | 4 / 2 ||729*asin|-| 3 / 2\ / 2 / 2\ | | x *\/ 9 - x dx = C + |< \3/ x *\9 - x / 9*x*\/ 9 - x *\9 - 2*x / | | ||----------- - -------------- - -------------------------- for And(x > -3, x < 3)| / \\ 16 6 16 /
3 / | | / 2 2 4 8 6 6 4 2 | | 243*I 729*I 729*I*x 81*I*x 75*I*x I*x 7*I*x 15*I*x 27*I*x x | |- ----------------- + --------------- - --------------- - --------------- - -------------- - -------------- + -------------- + -------------- + --------------- for -- > 1 | | _________ _________ 3/2 _________ _________ 3/2 _________ 3/2 3/2 9 | | / 2 / 2 / 2\ / 2 / 2 / 2\ / 2 / 2\ / 2\ | | / x 16*\/ -9 + x 16*\-9 + x / 16*\/ -9 + x 8*\/ -9 + x 6*\-9 + x / 6*\/ -9 + x 8*\-9 + x / 16*\-9 + x / | | 16* / -1 + -- | | \/ 9 | < dx | | 2 6 8 6 4 4 2 | | 729 243 729*x 7*x x 15*x 27*x 75*x 81*x | | - -------------- + ---------------- - -------------- - ------------- - ------------- + ------------- + -------------- + ------------- + -------------- otherwise | | ________ ________ 3/2 ________ 3/2 3/2 3/2 ________ ________ | | / 2 / 2 / 2\ / 2 / 2\ / 2\ / 2\ / 2 / 2 | | 16*\/ 9 - x / x 16*\9 - x / 6*\/ 9 - x 6*\9 - x / 8*\9 - x / 16*\9 - x / 8*\/ 9 - x 16*\/ 9 - x | | 16* / 1 - -- | \ \/ 9 | / 0
=
3 / | | / 2 2 4 8 6 6 4 2 | | 243*I 729*I 729*I*x 81*I*x 75*I*x I*x 7*I*x 15*I*x 27*I*x x | |- ----------------- + --------------- - --------------- - --------------- - -------------- - -------------- + -------------- + -------------- + --------------- for -- > 1 | | _________ _________ 3/2 _________ _________ 3/2 _________ 3/2 3/2 9 | | / 2 / 2 / 2\ / 2 / 2 / 2\ / 2 / 2\ / 2\ | | / x 16*\/ -9 + x 16*\-9 + x / 16*\/ -9 + x 8*\/ -9 + x 6*\-9 + x / 6*\/ -9 + x 8*\-9 + x / 16*\-9 + x / | | 16* / -1 + -- | | \/ 9 | < dx | | 2 6 8 6 4 4 2 | | 729 243 729*x 7*x x 15*x 27*x 75*x 81*x | | - -------------- + ---------------- - -------------- - ------------- - ------------- + ------------- + -------------- + ------------- + -------------- otherwise | | ________ ________ 3/2 ________ 3/2 3/2 3/2 ________ ________ | | / 2 / 2 / 2\ / 2 / 2\ / 2\ / 2\ / 2 / 2 | | 16*\/ 9 - x / x 16*\9 - x / 6*\/ 9 - x 6*\9 - x / 8*\9 - x / 16*\9 - x / 8*\/ 9 - x 16*\/ 9 - x | | 16* / 1 - -- | \ \/ 9 | / 0
Integral(Piecewise((-243*i/(16*sqrt(-1 + x^2/9)) + 729*i/(16*sqrt(-9 + x^2)) - 729*i*x^2/(16*(-9 + x^2)^(3/2)) - 81*i*x^2/(16*sqrt(-9 + x^2)) - 75*i*x^4/(8*sqrt(-9 + x^2)) - i*x^8/(6*(-9 + x^2)^(3/2)) + 7*i*x^6/(6*sqrt(-9 + x^2)) + 15*i*x^6/(8*(-9 + x^2)^(3/2)) + 27*i*x^4/(16*(-9 + x^2)^(3/2)), x^2/9 > 1), (-729/(16*sqrt(9 - x^2)) + 243/(16*sqrt(1 - x^2/9)) - 729*x^2/(16*(9 - x^2)^(3/2)) - 7*x^6/(6*sqrt(9 - x^2)) - x^8/(6*(9 - x^2)^(3/2)) + 15*x^6/(8*(9 - x^2)^(3/2)) + 27*x^4/(16*(9 - x^2)^(3/2)) + 75*x^4/(8*sqrt(9 - x^2)) + 81*x^2/(16*sqrt(9 - x^2)), True)), (x, 0, 3))
Estos ejemplos se pueden aplicar para introducción de los límites de integración inferior y superior.