1 / | | -16 | -------- dx | sin(2*x) | / 0
Integral(-16/sin(2*x), (x, 0, 1))
/ | | -16 | -------- dx | sin(2*x) | /
-16 -------- sin(2*x)
sin(2*x)
-16 -16*sin(2*x) -------- = ------------ sin(2*x) 2 sin (2*x)
sin(a)^2 + cos(a)^2 = 1
2 2 sin (2*x) = 1 - cos (2*x)
-16*sin(2*x) -16*sin(2*x) ------------ = ------------- 2 2 sin (2*x) 1 - cos (2*x)
u = cos(2*x)
/ | | -16*sin(2*x) | ------------- dx | 2 = | 1 - cos (2*x) | /
/ | | -16*sin(2*x) | ------------- dx | 2 = | 1 - cos (2*x) | /
/ | | 8 | ------ du | 2 | 1 - u | /
/-16*(-1)\ |--------| 8 \ 2 / / 1 1 \ ------ = ----------*|----- + -----| 2 2 \1 - u 1 + u/ 1 - u
/ / / | | | | 8 | 1 | 1 | ------ du = 4* | ----- du + 4* | ----- du | 2 | 1 + u | 1 - u = | 1 - u | | | / / /
= -4*log(-1 + u) + 4*log(1 + u)
u = cos(2*x)
/ | | -16 | -------- dx = -4*log(-1 + cos(2*x)) + 4*log(1 + cos(2*x)) + C0 | sin(2*x) | /
/ | | -16 | -------- dx = C - 4*log(-1 + cos(2*x)) + 4*log(1 + cos(2*x)) | sin(2*x) | /
-oo - 4*pi*I
=
-oo - 4*pi*I
-oo - 4*pi*i
Estos ejemplos se pueden aplicar para introducción de los límites de integración inferior y superior.