0 / | | 1 | --------- dx | sin(12*x) | / 0
Integral(1/sin(12*x), (x, 0, 0))
/ | | 1 | --------- dx | sin(12*x) | /
1 --------- sin(12*x)
sin(12*x)
1 sin(12*x) --------- = ---------- sin(12*x) 2 sin (12*x)
sin(a)^2 + cos(a)^2 = 1
2 2 sin (12*x) = 1 - cos (12*x)
sin(12*x) sin(12*x) ---------- = -------------- 2 2 sin (12*x) 1 - cos (12*x)
u = cos(12*x)
/ | | sin(12*x) | -------------- dx | 2 = | 1 - cos (12*x) | /
/ | | sin(12*x) | -------------- dx | 2 = | 1 - cos (12*x) | /
/ | | -1 | ----------- du | / 2\ | 12*\1 - u / | /
-1 -1 / 1 1 \ ----------- = ----*|----- + -----| / 2\ 12*2 \1 - u 1 + u/ 12*\1 - u /
/ / | | | 1 | 1 | ----- du | ----- du / | 1 + u | 1 - u | | | | -1 / / = | ----------- du = - ----------- - ----------- | / 2\ 24 24 | 12*\1 - u / | /
= -log(1 + u)/24 + log(-1 + u)/24
u = cos(12*x)
/ | | 1 log(1 + cos(12*x)) log(-1 + cos(12*x)) | --------- dx = - ------------------ + ------------------- + C0 | sin(12*x) 24 24 | /
/ | | 1 log(1 + cos(12*x)) log(-1 + cos(12*x)) | --------- dx = C - ------------------ + ------------------- | sin(12*x) 24 24 | /
Estos ejemplos se pueden aplicar para introducción de los límites de integración inferior y superior.